Terrance McNallys Its Only a Play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Terrance McNallys Its Only a Play - Essay Example Terrance McNally’s It’s Only a Play There was a moment when a line in the first act was given by Noah Mittman, playing Gus, that seemed to break the realism within the work. Much of his performance, while good, seemed to be a bit stalled in places. The character played by J. Nick Dickart, by the name of James, picked up the pace when it seemed to have fallen slightly short. The interactions between these two characters seemed to have some pacing difficulties which created a problem for me. I thoroughly enjoyed the character of the producer, Julia, played by Ilasiea Gray. While imperfect the part seemed to reflect the imperfections of the character so that those moments that might not have been as believable pass for character flaws. The interpretation of the role made it seem natural to the theater, even in its naivetà ©, a position in which she ‘interprets’ theatrical phrases to members of the play as if they would not understand them. In some ways, it was easier to relate to her as she was somewhat on the outside of the theater looking in when she related to the other characters, which placed her in a similar position as the audience.As some of the humor was above the education of the audience, so too was the situation above her experience, thus making her more easily relatable. She was a space between the audience and the action of the other characters which eased the tension that can exist between ’theater people’ and those who only atte nd or help from the outside. While she was a producer, she was still not fully immersed or as experienced. 4. Acting is more than just a collection of individual performances. The entire company needs to work together as a unit (this is sometimes called ensemble): each actor must not only perform his or her own role but also support the other performers. Discuss how the performers re ­lated or failed to relate to one another. Did they listen to each other and respond? Did any actor seem to be "showing off' and ignoring the others? Answer Question 4 The one aspect of the play that seemed very successful was that the characters seemed to be in concert with one another and they were working together to make all of the scenes work. The actors were engaged with one another, each scene seeming to flow naturally with very few of those moments when an audience member will think about that fact that they were attending a play. The humor was designed with the concept of exaggeration and exp loitation of the

Investment Management Essay Example for Free

Investment Management Essay Both hedge funds and mutual funds are â€Å"pooled† instruments, but there are more differences than similarities between them. Three kinds of differences are going to introduce in the following part which are strategy, risk and reward. Strategy: The hedge funds managers have fewer limits to deal with, they can sell short, use derivatives and use leverage, and otherwise, they can also change the strategy significantly if they think it is appropriate. The mutual fund managers cannot be as flexible as hedge fund managers. In case they changes the strategy of the fund, the may be accused of â€Å"style drift†. Risk: As hedge funds are managed much more aggressive than the mutual fund, they can take speculative positions in derivative securities and have the ability to short sell stocks. This will obviously increase the leverage and the risk of the fund. Mutual funds are the opposite of the hedge funds, taking highly leveraged positions is not allowed and managers should take solid strategy to make the funds safe. Reward: Hedge funds take an aggressive strategy which has high risks to seek absolute returns (it means they want to produce positive return no matter what the market performance is). Mutual funds are managed relative to an index benchmark which means their return is steady because they are judged on their variance from that benchmark. 3. Arbitrage opportunity 3. 1 According to the case study, during the IPO of Ubid, there is only 20% equity offer to public, and remaining 80% will distribute to CC’s shareholders after 6 months. The arbitrage opportunity is appear because if we own CC’s share that we will receive Ubid’s share after six months. In that reason, we should form a portfolio which combines long position of CC and short position of Ubid. In Dec 9, there was 10,238,703 CC’s share outstanding and 9,146,883 Ubid’s share outstanding. However the 80% of Ubid’s share will distributed to CC’s shareholders after 6 month of IPO. In that reason, we can assume that 80% of Ubid’s share is subjected to CC’s share. (10,238,703? 80%)/9,146,883=0. 715 If we have long position on 1 share of CC, we should take 0. 715 short position of Ubid’s share. 3. 2 Based on the output in section 3. 1, the arbitrage opportunity has arise when we have 1 long position on CC’s share and 0. 15 short position on Ubid’s share. Therefore we need short sell the Ubid’s share and buy CC’s share. Assume that we buy 1 share of CC and short sell 0. 715 share of Ubid. After 6 months later. In addition, after 6 months, the 80% Ubid’s share will distribute to CC’s shareholders, therefore, after 6 months we have 1 share of CC will receive 0. 715 share of Ubid. Subject to 1 s hare of CC, we have 0. 715 share short position of Ubid. In that reason we will have a portfolio that combine 1 long position of CC and 0. 715 short position of Ubid. The total payoff of portfolio is sum of payoff in both position is: Price of CC after six month price of CC + 0. 715? price of Ubid. As we mention before, our return is the total payoff of portfolio. According to the equation of payoff of portfolio, even the price of CC is drop to Zero, we also will generate positive return which is price difference between Ubid and CC, and this is our minimum return Price difference of Ubid and CC is 0. 715? 35. 6875-22. 75=2. 767 and the initial margin is 50% for long and short position, therefore the capital required is 50%? 2. 75+50%? 35. 6875=29. 22. The minimum rate of return is 4. Risks in arbitrage The arbitrage means that investors find temporary risk-free profit from misprice at inefficient market. Therefore, arbitrageurs will face risk lower than other investors. However, some of risks can limit arbitrageur to seek risk free profit. Firstly, arbitrageurs need to bear the fundamental risk. Although arbitrageurs can eliminate unsystematic ( firm-specific) risk by portfolio diversification, they cannot mitigate systematic risk which arises from market contracture. This lead to some of bad news or policies can cause negative effects on fundament value and arbitrageurs’ profits. Thus, the fundamental risk can limit arbitrageurs to invest in inefficient market. Secondly, noise trader risk will limit arbitrage. High percentages of noise traders who make irrational investment of decision in market will lead price and risk level to be different with expected level for arbitrageurs, and cause misprice to be reduced. Thus the profit of arbitrage will be limit by noise trader risk. Finally, arbitrageurs will also face high implement cost. Implement cost includes commission, bid-ask spread, price impact, short sell cost and identification cost. High cost will cause arbitrageur loss interest on seeking misprice in inefficient market.

Bobber Barons :: Free Essays

The American work ethic is something our country should be proud of. Since the days of George Washington Americans have worked hard for what they believe in, what they need, and what they want. It is our right as Americans to be able to work for these ideals. Without out a strong work ethic our country would crumble. From businessmen to politicians a strong work ethic is necessary to keep our country financially and politically stable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People like Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan are men who possessed the intellect, the foresight, and most importantly the work ethic to become powerful industrialists. These men displayed their work ethic to the country by being ruthless and tireless. They started something so important that a hundred years later it is still making a huge contribution to our country (Maury Klein pg. 32). What they started was the industrial revolution. Today our country is the most powerful in the world because of our great wealth. This wealth comes from the strength of our industry. â€Å"If thou does not sow, thou does not reap†(Hofstadter Recon.-Present Day pg.79). Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Morgan are the epitome of this statement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some of these industrialists’ methods may not have been fair. However, unfair acts are not always illegal acts. For the most part these men stayed within the boundaries of the law. In the cruel world we live in it is necessary to be ruthless in your work. There are several people who took their ruthlessness too far and contributed nothing to society but worked only for their own personal fortune. An example of this type of industrialist is Jay Gould (Maury Klein pg. 34). He is a robber baron in the truest sense of the word. However most of the powerful industrialists had financial goals for themselves as well as society. Had Rockefeller not been ruthless in building his railroad empire, our country would not have had as strong a railroad system.

Akbar the Great

Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar  (Hindi:   ,  Persian:   ? –  Jalal ud-Din Mu? ammad Akbar), also known as  Shahanshah  Akbar-e-Azam (14 October 1542   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 27 October 1605),[4][5]  was the third  Mughal Emperor. He was of  Timurid  descent; the son of Emperor  Humayun, and the grandson of the Mughal Emperor Zaheeruddin Muhammad  Babur, the ruler who founded the Mughal dynasty in India. At the end of his reign in 1605 the Mughal empire covered most of northern and central India.He is most appreciated for having a liberal outlook on all faiths and beliefs and during his era, culture and art reached a zenith as compared to his predecessors. Akbar was 13 years old when he ascended the Mughal throne in  Delhi  (February 1556), following the death of his father Humayun. [6]During his reign, he eliminated military threats from the powerful  Pashtun  descendants of  Sher Shah Suri, and at the  Second Battle of Panipat  he deci sively defeated the newly self-declared Hindu king  Hemu. 7][8]  It took him nearly two more decades to consolidate his power and bring all the parts of northern and  central India  into his direct realm. He influenced the whole of the Indian Subcontinent as he ruled a greater part of it as an emperor. As an emperor, Akbar solidified his rule by pursuing diplomacy with the powerful  Hindu  Rajputcaste, and by marrying a Rajput princess. [7][9] Akbar's reign significantly influenced art and culture in the country. He was a great patron of art and architecture  [10]  He took a great interest in painting, and had the walls of his palaces adorned with  murals.Besides encouraging the development of the  Mughal school, he also patronised the European style of painting. He was fond of literature, and had several  Sanskrit  works translated into Persian and Persian scriptures translated in Sanskrit apart from getting many Persian works illustrated by painters from hi s court. [10]  During the early years of his reign, he showed intolerant attitude towards Hindus and other religions, but later exercised tolerance towards non-Islamic faiths by rolling back some of the strict  sharia  laws. 11][12][13]  His administration included numerous Hindu landlords, courtiers and military generals. He began a series of religious debates where  Muslim scholars  would debate religious matters with  Hindus,  Jains,Zoroastrians  and  Portuguese  Roman Catholic  Jesuits. He treated these religious leaders with great consideration, irrespective of their faith, and revered them. He not only granted lands and money for the mosques but the list of the recipients included a huge number Hindu temples in north and central India, Christian churches in Goa. Akbar the Great Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar  (Hindi:   ,  Persian:   ? –  Jalal ud-Din Mu? ammad Akbar), also known as  Shahanshah  Akbar-e-Azam (14 October 1542   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 27 October 1605),[4][5]  was the third  Mughal Emperor. He was of  Timurid  descent; the son of Emperor  Humayun, and the grandson of the Mughal Emperor Zaheeruddin Muhammad  Babur, the ruler who founded the Mughal dynasty in India. At the end of his reign in 1605 the Mughal empire covered most of northern and central India.He is most appreciated for having a liberal outlook on all faiths and beliefs and during his era, culture and art reached a zenith as compared to his predecessors. Akbar was 13 years old when he ascended the Mughal throne in  Delhi  (February 1556), following the death of his father Humayun. [6]During his reign, he eliminated military threats from the powerful  Pashtun  descendants of  Sher Shah Suri, and at the  Second Battle of Panipat  he deci sively defeated the newly self-declared Hindu king  Hemu. 7][8]  It took him nearly two more decades to consolidate his power and bring all the parts of northern and  central India  into his direct realm. He influenced the whole of the Indian Subcontinent as he ruled a greater part of it as an emperor. As an emperor, Akbar solidified his rule by pursuing diplomacy with the powerful  Hindu  Rajputcaste, and by marrying a Rajput princess. [7][9] Akbar's reign significantly influenced art and culture in the country. He was a great patron of art and architecture  [10]  He took a great interest in painting, and had the walls of his palaces adorned with  murals.Besides encouraging the development of the  Mughal school, he also patronised the European style of painting. He was fond of literature, and had several  Sanskrit  works translated into Persian and Persian scriptures translated in Sanskrit apart from getting many Persian works illustrated by painters from hi s court. [10]  During the early years of his reign, he showed intolerant attitude towards Hindus and other religions, but later exercised tolerance towards non-Islamic faiths by rolling back some of the strict  sharia  laws. 11][12][13]  His administration included numerous Hindu landlords, courtiers and military generals. He began a series of religious debates where  Muslim scholars  would debate religious matters with  Hindus,  Jains,Zoroastrians  and  Portuguese  Roman Catholic  Jesuits. He treated these religious leaders with great consideration, irrespective of their faith, and revered them. He not only granted lands and money for the mosques but the list of the recipients included a huge number Hindu temples in north and central India, Christian churches in Goa.

Pro Death Penalty – Essay

One main person involved was Susan Atkins an intelligent woman twisted by the ideas of Manson. She stabbed Sharon Tate, a pregnant actress, sixteen times, Sharon begged for mercy and Susan Atkins told her â€Å"there would be no compassion for her or her unborn bar, and after tasting the victim's blood she used the blood to write the word â€Å"pig† on the front door and left. After she admitted to stabbing the pregnant actress in her 1971 court trial, she was sentenced to the death penalty. BUT due to the Supreme Court decision in 1972 of abolishing the death penalty, Atkins was now In prison for life with POSSIBLE PAROLE!She Is now on the brink of death and has cost the state of California over 1. 4 million dollars alone in medical costs That's doesn't even include the 3. 5 million dollars it has took to care for her in prison for almost forty years! In total, this adds up to 5 million dollars The cost to keep the death penalty in California Is ninety million dollars. Right now California has 3,300 people in for a life sentence, this only adds up to the seventy five million dollars right now. But riddle me this with crime rates only moving up in these financially bad times do you want to run the risk of putting more in life in Jail? The costs here say.If we add one hundred people a year to the life In prison list It will only take seven years for the price of life penalties to be higher than the death penalty price! Now some people believe that sometimes the person that was accused didn't even commit the crime and that that person is being killed for no reason, but with modern technology today there Is a very unlikely chance of mixing a person up with the convict. One of the easiest ways to find out If the defendant Is the killer Is by using DNA testing to see if their DNA matches the convicted person, also besides DNA routs can use finger prints to identify the killer.Now even the person convicted isn't the killer there has been in the last few years a average waiting time on death row of 12 and 1/2 years with some men walling up to 25 years, that give the defendant and the government more than enough time to review the case and look for new evidence!!! But enough with costs of the death penalty, what is your moral view. People view the death penalty in many ways, some for it and others against it. But what It takes for ones opinion to be changed Is the death of someone you know or are Emily members with. Most seek revenge and want that person to die and experience what they did to the victim.Now what would you want a the killer of you dad or you mom, maybe you sister or brother to get? Life in prison or the death penalty. The murderer should have to face what their victim did! Now what do you really want? During life prison the prisoners can get a chance to have a education In prisons While we are paying for college and schooling they are getting a free education that 1 OFF we pa Rebuttal The plan proposed by the affirmative s ide will not work! While we are paying for allege and schooling prisoners can be getting a free education that we pay for with our tax!For the people locked up for life in prison. It's a university of crime where prisoners are schooled to be â€Å"better† criminals. The taxpayers pay the tuition. It costs more than a Harvard education. Prison is the breeding ground for the worst social evils. Remember that 35 out of the 50 states still support capital punishment! That is more than 70% of the states, that dost even include the U. S. Government that also supports capital punishment. Ohio also uses the death penalty. Also more than 62% f Americans still support the death penalty. That is way more than half!It also comes down to the view of the watcher, some people that don't support the death penalty haven't gotten to feel what it is like to have a brother or parent, child or friend killed. Many peoples view change when they are asked, † If someone you loved was murdered, would you still want them to have life in prison or do them deserve what they did? â€Å". Many people are hit hard by this question, but what would you want? To know that the murderer that killed a loved one gets the same thing that they did to the victim? Or to see them in prison possibly getting an education with our tax money!With DNA testing and the new advancements in forensics there is almost no chance that the accused is really not the killer. Some killers out there have killed seven people or more, and you really want them to get away with it? Than this is not the America our founding father based it on! People deserve the right to know that they don't have to go to bed worrying that the murderer that killed there loved one is out there not getting what they deserve! Just like in the courts of King Hamburg, The convicted deserves the eye for an eye tooth for a tooth treatment.The idea of abolishing the death penalty is corrupt and will ruin the system, many say that the de ath penalty cost more than life in prison, but if all the people on death row are put in for life in prison within 10 years the death penalty cost will look tiny compared to the price of life in prison. .Sam and Andrew are wrong! If we let people like them take control of society who knows? Maybe gay marriage will be legalized and a women can go and abort a baby, as if it is Just a regular part of their daily routine! Getting rid of the death penalty will ruin society!

Quotes From Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

Quotes From Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad The  Heart of Darkness,  a novel  published in 1899, is a famous work by Joseph Conrad. The authors experiences in Africa provided him with plenty of material for this work, a  tale of a man who gives into the enticements of power. Here are a few quotes from Heart of Darkness. The River The Congo River serves as a major setting for the books narrative. The novels narrator, Marlow, spends months navigating up the river in search of Kurtz, an ivory trader, who has gone missing deep in the heart of Africa. The river is also a metaphor for Marlows internal, emotional journey to find the elusive Kurtz. The old river in its broad reach rested unruffled at the decline of day, after ages of good service done to the race that peopled its banks, spread out in the tranquil dignity of a waterway leading to the uttermost ends of the earth.Hunters for gold or pursuers of fame, they all had gone out on that stream, bearing the sword, and often the torch, messengers of the might within the land, bearers of a spark from the sacred fire. What greatness had not floated on the ebb of that river into the mystery of an unknown earth!In and out of rivers, streams of death in life, whose banks were rotting into mud, whose waters, thickened with slime, invaded the contorted mangroves, that seemed to writhe at us in the extremity of an impotent despair. Dreams and Nightmares The story actually takes place in London,  where Marlow tells his tale to a group of friends while they are on a boat anchored on the River Thames. He describes his adventures in Africa alternately as a dream and a nightmare, trying to get his listeners to mentally conjure the images that he witnessed during his journey. Nowhere did we stop long enough to get a particularlised impression, but the general sense of vague and oppressive wonder grew upon me.  It was like a weary pilgrimage amongst hints for nightmares.The dreams of men, the seed of commonwealth, the germs of empires.Do you see him? Do you see the story? Do you see anything? It seems I am trying to tell you a dream   making a vain attempt, because no relation of a dream can convey the dream-sensation, that commingling of absurdity, surprise, and bewilderment in a tremor of struggling revolt, that notion of being captured by the incredible which is the very essence of dreams. Darkness Darkness is a key part of the novel, as the title implies. Africa at that time was considered a dark continent. Once Marlow finds Kurtz, he sees him as a man infected with a heart of darkness. Images of dark, scary places are scattered throughout the novel. And this also  ... has been one of the dark places of the earth.Often far away there I thought of these two, guarding the door of Darkness, knitting black wool as for a warm pall, one introducing, introducing continuously to the unknown, the other scrutinizing the cheery and foolish faces with unconcerned old eyes.We penetrated deeper and deeper into the heart of darkness. Savagery and Colonialism The novel takes place at the height of the age of colonialism and Britain was the worlds mightiest colonial power. Britain and the other European powers were considered to be civilized, while much of the rest of the world was considered to populated by savages. Those images permeate the book. In some inland post feel the savagery, the utter savagery, had closed round him ...  .When one has got to make correct entries, one comes to hate those savages   hate them to the death.The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much.

Humanitarian non

Humanitarian non Introduction Study literature shows that there are various humanitarian non-governmental organizations across the world. However, this study seeks to analyze the World Food Program (WFP) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The study takes into consideration their goals, achievements and failures. It also compares the activities undertaken by these agencies as well as how they operate across the globe.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Humanitarian non-organization WFP vs. IFAD specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Goals The WFP is a global charitable United Nation agency. It is globally the biggest charitable agency responsible for combating food shortage. The agency supplies food where it is considered necessary during urgent situations. The organization helps in saving the emergencies’ victims from starvation. Provided the source of crisis is over, the agency uses food in assist ing those who are affected in rebuilding their lives. In this regard, the agency effectively transforms into a development agency. The contemporary goals of this agency include saving lives and protecting the living standards during urgent situations. When such emergencies are over the agency seeks to mitigate severe food shortage. It devotes resources to emergency preparedness and puts preventive measures in place. These efforts include restituting the livelihoods of whoever is affected during crisis. In addition, the WFP aims to minimize persistent food shortage and malnutrition. From the development perspective, WFP seeks to reinforce the abilities of countries to minimize food shortage. Essentially, the main aim of WFP is to reduce global hunger particularly in developing countries through the application of various strategies. That is, WFP is mandated to ensure considerable reduction of global hunger through the application of various strategies (Food Program 2) The IFAD is man dated to finance farming development specifically during food production. The authority of this agency is restricted to developing countries. The agency was established to ensure that individuals who live in complete poverty have the opportunity to produce food that can sustain their livelihoods. The core goal of the agency pertains to the improvement of food production. In fact, the production of foodstuffs is in terms of quantity and quality but these take place in the developing countries. That is, developing states produce large chunks of valuable foodstuffs to help curb emergencies. Besides, the goal of this agency is to marshal supplementary resources that may be used during crises to assist in agricultural growth within poor states.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What the agencies have done so far in specific areas The evaluations on the effect iveness of WFP demonstrate positive outcomes in view of delivering charitable activities and growth goals. The most evident successes have been in the delivery of food to the victims during emergencies. The achievements have contributed to the deterrence of acute food shortages hence curing malnutrition, chronic starvation and death. Most of such foodstuffs have been purchased from farmers who were initially supported by the agency after disasters occurred in Africa. In the year 2008, WFP implemented the Purchase for Progress (P4P) initiative. It was implemented in more than 20 countries including Asia, Central America and African states. The WFP in collaboration with other partners support farmers with technical knowledge, credit and access to inputs. When agricultural products are ready, the WFP always purchase them from farmers. Such foodstuffs are stored and distributed to other emergency cases that emerge across the globe. For instance, more than 312, 120 bags of foodstuffs pri zed at $121 million were bought from the planters’ groups, SME dealers, and advertising podiums (World Food Program 2). The IFAD has made significant steps in upholding sexual parity in the developing countries. It recognizes the responsibility of females in producing foodstuffs, ensuring domestic foodstuffs safety and managing intrinsic assets. In this regard, it reflects on the fact that women have limited access to resources that are necessary for food production. The most significant step by IFAD was achieved when the agency published and approved a document in 1992 aimed at empowering rural women and spearheading economics for advancement. According to IFAD report, from the fiscal 1990s, the International Fund for Agricultural Development planned and executed various detached female ventures and development ingredients or actions intended for the deprived females. In the past years, the International Fund for Agricultural Development provided its local segments with appr oved donation funding and local sexual category programs.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Humanitarian non-organization WFP vs. IFAD specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They were aimed at molding competence, scientific sustenance and studying sex associated guidelines and promotion. Various areas constructed particular local sexual category plans, employment areas and state subsidy-financed programs meant to empower females and streamline masculinity (IFAD 2013, 3). The IFAD has been successful in empowering women in Uganda and Tanzania. These countries have made tremendous steps in decentralizing their activities to allocate most governmental positions to women. Based on this recognition, the IFAD joined hands with such governments to assist rustic women to advance economically through agriculture. The collaboration has seen governments lay infrastructures via which IFAD can easily access or accessed by women who need financial support for agricultural purposes. What is common and what is different between these agencies The agencies were founded under the United Nations conventions in different years. While the WFP is mandated to distribute relief food during emergencies, the IFAD is responsible for funding agricultural activities in third world countries (Kliest and Singh 68). The goal was to facilitate the supply of food to poor families in order to alleviate chronic hunger. The WFP has been very successful in the distribution of food during emergencies and reestablished the livelihoods of victims of these tragedies. However, it has failed in its effort to promote gender equality. However, it has made significant steps in improving the lives of women and girls. The agency has promoted the recognition of women not only as vulnerable groups, but also as essential contributors to the domestic and national food security. The main difference between these two agencies is the approach used towards the eradication of poverty among those who are affected. Nevertheless, the WFP is not selective with respect to global location where it offers assistance provided an emergency has occurred.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The consequent beneficiaries of the programs are not selected on gender basis. Conversely, IFAD concentrates on third world countries and further narrows it operations down to women. Thus, women benefit more from IFAD support compared to men (IFAD 23). Negative ways The IFAD supervisory panel has been riddled with political gimmicks. The trend was set under the first president of the agency named Al-Sudeary. This was seen when he was administering funds for political gains. Apparently, he turned down the effort by 17 developing countries to create project classification and groundwork missions. The requests were not expeditiously handled while the meeting that was supposed to follow was postponed indefinitely. The debate regarding the operation of the agency has been neglected by most Western countries. The silence has been interpreted as a move to ensure the failure of the fund. In fact, the move by the United States to be omitted from the list of funders of the agency has been sus picious. In the context of IFAD, there are powerful principles backdrops. It has been claimed by some quarters that the establishment of the agency was aimed at preserving the capitalist structure in the developing countries (Tabolt 275). In the context of the developing countries, the development agenda and those who are behind its implementation are aggravated by the desire to compel the developing countries to embrace the new structures of domination approved by the sponsors. In view of the conditions that the Executive Board attaches to the funding of agricultural development in the developing countries, the growth models support the wealthy at the expense of those who are deprived. The requirement by the agency for the beneficiaries to pay interest on concessional funds is sarcastic. The fund was initially intended to benefit poor countries so that they may develop agricultural products. The allocation of the vast resources collected from sponsors and other financial organizati ons is subjected to influence of Western countries. The resources are not allocated founded on the need by the recipient country. Warah observe that resources are allocated imperially with the aim of influencing the recipient to comply with certain conditions that aggravate the existing poor conditions 8. WFP faces the challenge of environmental sustainability. The agency has resources but does not invest time and financial resources in environmental interventions in areas where it operates. The failure is a challenge for the people that the agency seeks to restore their livelihoods since they continue to exist in challenging environments. Besides, the WFP initiatives fail to engage with poor country governments. In fact, the governments despite being poor have the potential to offer logistical support for effective operation of the agency (Warah 35). The agency has been complimented for effective response to emergencies in terms of food distribution. However, planning for transitio n between relief and recovery is not effective. The agency continues to distribute food over long periods despite the fact that the victims are ready to start livelihood recovery. Finally, the agency holds consultative meetings for months or years before logistical support is supplied to the victims to start their operations again. Conclusion From the study, it becomes apparent that both agencies have had impacts on third world countries and tragedy victims. However, still many things must be done in order to realize the complete and deliverable capacities of these agencies. IFAD. â€Å"IFAD’s Efforts and Achievements in Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment.† Approach Paper, 5.3(2010): 1-33. Print. Kliest, Ted and Goberdhan Singh. â€Å"Review of the World Food Programme’s Humanitarian and Development Effectiveness.† Global Support Report, 4.1(2012): 1-78. Print. Tabolt, Ross. â€Å"The International Fund for Agricultural Development.† Political Science Quarterly, 95.2(1980): 261-276. Print. Warah, Rasna. The Development Myth. Milton Keynes, UK: AuthorHouse, 2008. Print. World Food Program. Purchase for Progress: Achievements. London, UK: Sage Publishers, 2013: 1-2. Print.

I Have No Idea What Im Doing at Work

I Have No Idea What Im Doing at Work You’ve been in your job for a little (or a long while) while, and it started out pretty well. You were accomplishing things left and right, learning the ropes. All was well. Then, maybe, there was a new process introduced, or you were given more, somewhat ambiguous responsibilities. Because you were doing so well before, you didn’t even think twice about it†¦ until it became too late to ask someone, â€Å"What am I supposed to be doing, again?† Or until things started to go wrong. By then, the panic sets in. What am I supposed to do now? I have no idea what I’m doing. Feeling like you have no idea what you’re doing, or that you’re irrevocably screwing up, is not an uncommon one. Everyone has had a moment- or a period of time- where they feel like they’re in over their heads. Anyone who claims they haven’t had that is either fibbing, or long overdue for a wakeup call. But just because everyone feels overwhelmed by tasks some times doesn’t mean you have to endure it or let things spiral out of control.Am I An Impostor?â€Å"Impostor syndrome† is the nagging feeling that although you have made it to a certain point, you’re not competent or smart enough to have made it to that point- that you stumbled into your job and your achievements accidentally. This kind of self-doubt is fairly common, especially at work. When things start to feel overwhelming, it can be natural to look for someone to blame- and who’s more accessible than yourself? That self doubt can lead to anxiety about being â€Å"found out† by others, who are every bit as competent and smooth as they appear to be.For more on impostor syndrome:  So how do you cope when these feelings set in? Let’s look at some strategies for what you can do if it’s happening to you at work.1. Understand that you’re not alone.If you’ve messed up on a project or feel like you have no idea what youâ₠¬â„¢re doing, it can feel like the spotlight is trained right on you and your comedy of errors. This will not be helped by the coworker who happens to be killing it right now- getting everything right, pulling down praise, and making it all look so easy. What you need to remember is that at one point, you were that coworker getting things right. And you will be again, too. Plus, Mr. Overachiever will have his bad days as well.Nobody has every part of their job nailed down all the time- if you do, then that might actually be a bad sign, professionally. Everyone’s too busy worrying about their own stuff to judge you. And think about it this way: as hard as you work to keep your uncertainty and feelings of failure from others, you can assume they’re doing the same.2. Don’t panic.The realization that you don’t know what you’re supposed to be doing, or how to fix that, is a scary one. Don’t let it panic you, because panic leads to chronic second- guessing yourself, which distracts you from what actually needs to be done. It can also scare you away from finding logical solutions to your situation and make things even worse.When you feel the downward confidence spiral start, it’s important to recognize that you feel helpless. Once you acknowledge that, you can try to take a step away and work out how to resolve the problem. If you let it go unchecked, you could keep piling mistakes upon mistakes (possibly endangering your job), or get so frustrated that you quit before you know whether you could have fixed things. Neither of these is a combination that leads to professional success or satisfaction. So acknowledging that overwhelming feeling is the most important step, because it can help stop the negative spiral.3. See it as a challenge, not a dealbreaker.While you’re stuck in â€Å"I have no idea what I’m doing† misery, it can be easy to forget that this is an obstacle, not the end of your career. An obstacle is something you can get around. And unless you’re a brain surgeon who finds herself in the operating room after having skipped all of the relevant classes on how to operate, no one will die because you are unsure of what you’re supposed to be doing.4. Fake it ‘til you make it.Mind you, this is not a long-term solution- if you don’t understand what’s going on and don’t do anything to resolve that, eventually someone else will catch on, fulfilling your impostor syndrome doomsday scenario. But if you’re feeling unsure of what you need to do or how to do it, or you know you’ll need more time to figure things out, it’s okay to stall a little. Negotiate a deadline. Use a vague, â€Å"I’m on it†-type confirmation. You don’t need to announce to everyone that you don’t have the first clue what you should do next; you can buy yourself some time to work out your next steps.5. Admit it:  "I don’t know.†If everyone could do everything without guidance, no one would have a manager. Part of your boss’s job is to make sure that you have everything you need to do your own job. While you may be afraid to acknowledge that you don’t know what you’re doing, thinking that your boss will lose confidence in you or worse, it’s important to see your boss as a resource.True, saying, â€Å"I have no idea what I’m doing† will not breed confidence, but you can frame it differently. Try, â€Å"I’m working on X, but I just need some clarification about the best approach. Can we talk through this?† More likely than not, your boss will appreciate your openness and your desire to work through a situation that’s challenging to you. He or she will also appreciate that you’re taking proactive steps to do things better. This isn’t a â€Å"gotcha† game; your boss is invested in you doing a good job .6. Find an ally.If you don’t feel comfortable taking your concerns to your boss or feel like it’s too late to play the â€Å"I just don’t know† card, try finding someone else who can help. Is your colleague a whiz at Excel who  can teach you some tricks to get the info you need? Ask her. Is the person working next to you familiar with how to process orders? Pick his brain. Not only is your buddy’s information likely to help you fill in any gaps, but just talking it out can be useful. You may very well know more than you think you do, and a conversation on the topic might help you make connections that you didn’t realize were there. Plus, it helps with the â€Å"hey, maybe I’m not in this alone† factor.There are some caveats here, though. You don’t want your chosen buddy to feel like they’re doing your job for you. Make sure they’re not busy with their own tasks when you want to talk. Also, don’t p ing them constantly with questions, emails, or sit-down conversations. If you are really lost, try to limit your queries to one or two big ones per day, and try to do whatever you can to follow up and track down additional information on your own.7. Ask specific questions.Try to avoid a panicky, â€Å"What do I do?† Make sure your questions are specific enough to help you get to an answer. (â€Å"Why me?† is never going to be helpful either, trust me. I’ve tried it.) You want your asks to be constructive. Make sure you’ve identified the task or the goal, and what you think are the steps to get there- or at least the next steps. It’s okay to be wrong†¦ that’s why you’re asking questions! But it’s important to have a base of what you think should be happening, if only so that you can correct those assumptions and replace them with correct information as you find it.Here are some examples of specific questions:Is this urgent? What is the timeline? What do I need to achieve as an end result?What step do I think I need to take next?These questions can help you figure out how much space you have to figure things out on your own- or if it’s urgent, whether you need to swallow your pride and get someone for emergency help. You’re likely to get better responses from people if you say, â€Å"Here’s what I believe needs to happen here- can you confirm?† as opposed to, â€Å"Tell me everything I need to do.†8. Check in with others.If you’ve gotten to the point where you feel like you have no clue what’s going on or what you’re supposed to do next, there was a miscommunication somewhere along the line. Either things weren’t communicated fully to you, or you didn’t make it clear that you didn’t understand everything that needed to happen. Either way, there’s no point in dwelling on mistakes or bad communication. All you can do is ma ke sure that moving forward, everyone’s on the same page.This might mean having brief meetings with everyone else involved in a project to make sure that you know what they’re doing, they know what you’re doing, and everyone understands The Plan. It might also just be a regular 10-minute chat with your boss (say, daily or weekly, depending on the timeline and urgency) to say, â€Å"Hey, here’s what I’ve done, here’s how I plan to handle it moving forward, am I heading in the right direction?† This regular, outside feedback can prevent you from feeling totally lost and adrift on your own.These strategies can help you get through that panic moment, breathe again, and figure out how to fill in your knowledge gaps. And once you’ve stopped feeling like an impostor and worked out your battle plan for understanding what you need to do and then accomplishing it, you’ve overcome a challenge that can become a source of pride in yo ur next job interview.However, if you find that you’re often in the position of not knowing what to do or how to do your job, it may be time to consider that you’re not in the right job. This is not to say that you definitely can’t do the job, but rather that the skills and demands are a little too far outside your comfort zone and interest level. You want your job to be challenging, sure, but if it’s all challenges and stress, is this really something you want to be doing for the next year? Five years? Ten years? Constantly feeling confused and overwhelmed might be a big sign that you should find something that fits your skills better.Your career should be about overcoming challenges, and not letting setbacks blow your confidence in your abilities. Even when things seem bleak, you’ve got the tools to work it out. You’re not an impostor, and you’ve got this!

Youth Prostitution In Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Youth Prostitution In Canada - Essay Example They believe they had to run as they find home life intolerable. None of these push factors alone; explain why they turn to prostitution. How and why they turn to be prostitutes is not that important as the importance of independent street life to them. What is attractive about street life is that it allows the runaway or disaffiliated youth a sense of belonging, a feeling of autonomy, and a means of financial independence. Most important of all, street prostitution provides a means of subsistence. And the fast and substantial money that it does bring to a core group of prostitutes symbolizes much that is cherished in mainstream materialist Western culture. (Davis, 1993, p. 72) According to the Canadian Women's Health Network, Prostitution and sex business in Canada is a multi-billion dollar market, which is developed annually on the basis of maintaining prostitution business at the rate of $400 million. (CWHN, June 2006) Prostitution alone does not refer to the social international issues, which are at continuous ignorance since 1980s in Canada, but it includes the involvement of male as well as females as customers, pimps and prostitutes. The dilemma is that after 20 years of implementing the policies for prostitution, it is still on a growing trend, where youth is deeply influenced by this profession. The matter of concern is what attracts the younger generation to get involved into sex trade and entering and exiting of youth into this profession are those facts, which are also responsible for health issues. According to factbook on Global sexual exploitation in Canada, "Most of the young girls that are trafficked and forced into prostitution in Canada are transmitted from city to city, from Seattle to San Francisco to Oakland to Phoenix to Honolulu and Portland. The pimps move them every 3-4 weeks". (Portland Police Officer Doug Kosloske, The Province, 19 December 1997) Statistics According to a report by Duchesne D., fluctuations are seen every year in the prostitution trend, which highlight the implementation of law and order according to jurisdiction. While giving example, she concludes, "between 1994 and 1995, the total number of prostitution incidents in Canada rose 29%, largely due to a substantial rise in communicating offences in Vancouver. But this increase followed two years of steep declines, mainly traced to Toronto, Edmonton and Calgary (in 1994), and Vancouver (in 1993)". (Duchesne, 2006) Due to the leniency of Canadian jurisdiction towards penalizing men in prostitution, since 1980s Canadian men are more motivated towards working in this profession either in the form of pimps, customers or male young prostitutes. Street Prostitution There are many concerns related with "sex work on streets" among which the major problem, which the public is confronted to, is its elimination from the public areas. Most of the people consider it private and so they support the view that "street prostitution" should not be in public places. Of course there are many reasons affiliated with the concern. Street Prostitution has been the most common problem in Canada since the actions, which were taken in 1980s. Those actions were not taken keeping in view the major reasons for as to why youth is getting involved into the

Quality of High School Education in United States Essay

Quality of High School Education in United States - Essay Example The integration of technology has brought great improvisation in the quality of high school education. The ultimate gain of the above mentioned point has actually spread a sense of security in the students. They are now more confident of taking up the challenges of the real world that requires instant decision making and regular introspection. The learning in the classroom is now generating a new relationship between the teacher and the student. The teachers are now developing various new methods for assessment as well as teaching process. The schools are also entrusting its teachers to stress on critical thinking. Even though students are learning facts and basic skills, they are now stressing with adequate emphasis on advanced reasoning skills (von Glasersfeld, 87-95). The newer technology generally in the form of computer & internet has provided a different addition to the concept that encompasses meaningful learning of education. One of the first and most vocal proponents of the use of technology to promote this type of meaningful learning was Seymour Papert who believed that computers could provide a powerful tool for learning. He also noted that schools have frequently ignored the broad capacities of computers for instructional support, isolating them from the learning process rather than integrating them into all areas of the curriculum. Using the techniques of the constructivism effectively, the teacher can teach or educate their students in restored modality. Teachers are beginning to use technology as a tool to promote students' ability to reason and solve authentic problems. Also, teachers have now been using technology and also integrating them into formal education system with intention to transform classrooms into technology intensive knowledge centers providing purposeful learning with experimental leaning that would intuitively create an environment of authentic action rather than awareness and simple information. The effective use of technology now integrates higher cognitive skill development and thinking skills such as problem solving, reasoning, decision making, and scientific inquiry. When teachers are thorough and totally integrate technology into class room a very different environment comes into existence. A constructivist learning environment is a place in which learners work together and support each other as they use a variety of tools and information resources in their guided pursuit of learning goals and problem-solving activities. Constructivist learning environments frequently encompass many different applications of media and technology. Classrooms under this environment are active with the combine of the tools of constructivism with communication and visualization tools that enable communication and collaboration among learners in a socio cultural context. Increased student achievement can result because of the synergy created through dynamic interactions (Sandholtz, Ringstaff, & Dwyer). Reference: Papert, S. Mindstorms: Children, computers and powerful ideas. New York: Harper Collins, 1980 Papert, S. The children's machine: Rethinking school in the age of the computer. New York: Basic Books, 1994 Sandholtz, J., Ringstaff, C., & Dwyer, D.

Ted talk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ted talk - Essay Example Therefore, a health care practitioner, showing concern for other is imperative in creating a trust bond relationship with my patients. Responsibility trait entails knowing and doing what is expected of me at any given time. For this reason, serving the people with unbiased or prejudiced opinion is important in achieving my career objective and self-satisfaction as an individual. Finally, Diligence advocates investing my energy to complete my assigned tasks. The health sector experiences a shortage in personnel and, therefore, requires committed individuals who are willing to serve the community with a helping attitude. In my career, I need to embrace this character to ensure my clients, and I yield maximum satisfaction from the experience. Through the assignment, I have discovered that I should define my character and adjust myself to satisfy my undertakings in every professional duty. Fundamentally, expressing our inner values and practicing what we believe creates a sense of trust between our clients and us. Consequently, this improves our relationship leading to more satisfying

Immunohistochemical method for identification of ebstein barr virus Essay

Immunohistochemical method for identification of ebstein barr virus from the tonsil tissue - Essay Example After performing a series of tests on these samples, it was confirmed that none of these patients had any sort of malignancy or Infectious Mononucleosis. Also, almost all of them had antibodies to EBNA indicating that they were not in acute phase of EBV infection. As there is no in vitro natural system for EBV replication, most of the studies have relied upon the semipermissive EBV carrying Burkitt’s lymphoma cell lines. In this technique, various means are used to induce the reproductive cycle of the virus. The EBV gene products obtained as a result include a protein product of the BZLF 1 gene, called as ZEBRA. This protein plays a role in switching the virus from latency to the lytic cycle.Moreover, another protein called as the viral capsid antigen (VCA) is expressed only in the virus producing cells. This one is in close relation with the capsid of the viral particles. Thus keeping the above information in mind, the following study can be understood.This immunohistochemica l detection revealed the expression of ZEBRA and VCA in about 7-10 of a total of 700 tonsillar mononuclear cells. Three of the eight donors showed the cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. Morphologically, these ZEBRA and VCA-positive cells had a resemblance with the lymphocytes. Also, they were found in the same area as the tonsillar mononuclear cells.In order to assess the relationship between the epithelium and EBV lytic proteins, antibodies to ZEBRA, VCA and cytokeratin were obtained and the serial tissue sections were reacted with them.

Critical thinking Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical thinking - Article Example Brief Summary The authors Edwards and Hewitt enumerated the three possible options on how to therapeutically respond to patients who self-harm. These include preventing self-harm, allowing self-harm and supervising self-harm. The first option, to prevent it, presented two advantages which include a) prevention of inflicting harm and b) demonstration of commitment to patients which make them feel important. However, these positive arguments were countered by four criticisms. The first is that it will lead to increased risk of suicide. Another argument is that it will increase the risk that patients will self-harm covertly that they will become desperate to try more drastic forms. Third criticism points that removing this coping mechanism of patients means their self-integrity will be undermined. Lastly, this option sends the message to the patients that they cannot be trusted. The second approach, non-interference or to allow it, gives the patients their sense of control over their si tuation and at the same time respects their autonomy. However, this approach may cause more damage and unforeseen harm which might eventually lead to suicide, as well as lessen their self-worth due to abandonment and may also desensitize the nurses to this disturbing situation. The authors supported the last option, to supervise self-harm, because they believe that this will not compromise the autonomy of the patients as well as make them feel being cared for and the nurses will also understand the patients by befriending them. The article As the authors Edwards and Hewitt discussed and evaluated the three contending options on how to deal with patients who self-harm, it can be said that they really are aiming to recommend the last option of supervising patients and being with them during self-harm. This is because as they presented the advantages of preventing and allowing self-harm, there were more arguments against these two choices. There weren't any sustainable evidences that w ill prove the effectiveness of the above mentioned approaches. This poses a problem because it can be said that these advantages are merely claims without any proof to support. However, the flow of the article is clear and straight. There is no long discussion of any other topics aside from those needed to create this article. The aim of the Edwards and Hewitt were achieved so as to ensure that the readers will be convinced to support the supervision of self-harm as against preventing or allowing it. The approach can be considered as biased because during the introduction of the article, opposition and arguments of allowing and preventing self-harm were already being pointed out by Edwards and Hewitt. The authors questioned if suppression and noninterference are justifiable. The authors failed to provide more support and evidences to their claim that supervising the patients during self-harm is the most effective. This poses a questionable conclusion. However, the arguments of the a uthors are consistent. They have clearly stated from start to end of the article that they supported the supervision of self-harm rather than the two other strategies that they explained. There is clear hypothesis and problem stated. The authors claimed that of the three options, the prevention strategy is the least plausible while there is a clear support to a supervised self-harm. This is because according to the qualitative exploration of Hume and Platt as presented by

William Barton and the Australian Youth Orchestra Assignment

William Barton and the Australian Youth Orchestra - Assignment Example The ranges of the instruments are also different: the didgeridoo is unable to reach high pitches and, therefore, has a low range, whereas the orchestra with its instruments has a rather high range. The music has a compound meter. The didgeridoo also has no regular accents, it is possible to say that it is used in an impromptu music performance, while the orchestra has some of them and something similar to a structural organization. There are also no repeating rhythms in the music video analyzed, it is developed without them.  The contour of the melody is both ascending and descending, therefore, the overall contour of the melody of the analyzed music video is undulating. The music is disjunct because it contains leaps and intervals. The noticeable leaps occur when the didgeridoo fades and the orchestra starts playing, and the intervals are generally wide. The melody is also a wide-range one, combining the above mentioned low range of the didgeridoo and the high range of the orchest ra instruments.   It is possible to state that there is some dissonant present when the orchestra and the didgeridoo play simultaneously due to their different ranges and the ability to produce sounds of different pitches. The melody is also loud in dynamics, especially when the didgeridoo starts and goes on playing. There are also decreases and increases in loudness, when the orchestra is fading, the didgeridoo is louder, and the otherwise situation is also observed. The tempo of the music may be characterizes as moderate as there is no too fast.

Critical thinking Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical thinking - Article Example Brief Summary The authors Edwards and Hewitt enumerated the three possible options on how to therapeutically respond to patients who self-harm. These include preventing self-harm, allowing self-harm and supervising self-harm. The first option, to prevent it, presented two advantages which include a) prevention of inflicting harm and b) demonstration of commitment to patients which make them feel important. However, these positive arguments were countered by four criticisms. The first is that it will lead to increased risk of suicide. Another argument is that it will increase the risk that patients will self-harm covertly that they will become desperate to try more drastic forms. Third criticism points that removing this coping mechanism of patients means their self-integrity will be undermined. Lastly, this option sends the message to the patients that they cannot be trusted. The second approach, non-interference or to allow it, gives the patients their sense of control over their si tuation and at the same time respects their autonomy. However, this approach may cause more damage and unforeseen harm which might eventually lead to suicide, as well as lessen their self-worth due to abandonment and may also desensitize the nurses to this disturbing situation. The authors supported the last option, to supervise self-harm, because they believe that this will not compromise the autonomy of the patients as well as make them feel being cared for and the nurses will also understand the patients by befriending them. The article As the authors Edwards and Hewitt discussed and evaluated the three contending options on how to deal with patients who self-harm, it can be said that they really are aiming to recommend the last option of supervising patients and being with them during self-harm. This is because as they presented the advantages of preventing and allowing self-harm, there were more arguments against these two choices. There weren't any sustainable evidences that w ill prove the effectiveness of the above mentioned approaches. This poses a problem because it can be said that these advantages are merely claims without any proof to support. However, the flow of the article is clear and straight. There is no long discussion of any other topics aside from those needed to create this article. The aim of the Edwards and Hewitt were achieved so as to ensure that the readers will be convinced to support the supervision of self-harm as against preventing or allowing it. The approach can be considered as biased because during the introduction of the article, opposition and arguments of allowing and preventing self-harm were already being pointed out by Edwards and Hewitt. The authors questioned if suppression and noninterference are justifiable. The authors failed to provide more support and evidences to their claim that supervising the patients during self-harm is the most effective. This poses a questionable conclusion. However, the arguments of the a uthors are consistent. They have clearly stated from start to end of the article that they supported the supervision of self-harm rather than the two other strategies that they explained. There is clear hypothesis and problem stated. The authors claimed that of the three options, the prevention strategy is the least plausible while there is a clear support to a supervised self-harm. This is because according to the qualitative exploration of Hume and Platt as presented by

Advanced HealthCare Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Advanced HealthCare Management - Assignment Example The first approach which is based on equity in maintaining a smooth business relationship with employers actually stresses fair and equal perception of employees to the tasks accomplished and to the remuneration that is received. Likewise, it was noted that it is natural for people to compare what is received with those that are received by others – given similar inputs. When there is some indication of inequality or unfairness within the work setting, the disparity would ultimately allegedly lead to anxiety, tension, and demotivation in the workplace. In the equity theory, employees apparently judge the fairness of the reward system. The fairness of the reward system was acknowledged to be evaluated in terms of the ratio between an employee’s outcomes and inputs, and on how this ratio compares with those of others. If the employees perceive the reward as equitable, they would probably continue to perform at the same level of output. However, if the reward is perceived as inequitable, they will apparently experience tension that could motivate them to react in a manner so as to reduce the inequity. The reaction would ultimately aim to bring outcomes and inputs on balance with each other and with those of others. The second approach, the expectancy theory reportedly relates to the connection between effort and performance. This theory allegedly indicates the strength of belief that performance will be determined materially by corresponding effort. The stronger the connection between effort and performance, the higher the expectancy. Likewise, one is convinced that the formation of expectancies is influenced by the worker’s own evaluation of his competence. In addition, it was explicitly discussed that the expectancy theory contains four relevant components, to wit: job outcomes; valences (or the individuals’ feelings about the expected job outcomes); instrumentality, which refers to the link between performance

African American English Essay Example for Free

African American English Essay When it comes to arguing whether African-American English/Ebonics, enriches or contaminates Standard English, most of the negative tone that African-American English gets comes from an educational stand point. One argument teachers, who do not believe in using Ebonics, use is that there is no place for Ebonics in the class room. Stacey Thomas, in her article â€Å"Ebonics and the African-American Student: Why Ebonics Has a Place in the Classroom† writes that teachers can use Ebonics as a way to facilitate the learning of Standard English to African American students. In order to use Ebonics as a vehicle to teaching Standard English, teachers must be bilingual; meaning they most know both Ebonics and Standard English. Thomas states, â€Å"†¦once students see and comprehend the differences between Standard English and Ebonics in terms of structure and syntax, they display a great[er] understanding in Standard English, and as a result, decrease their use of Ebonics† Ebonics and the African-American Student (6). In other words, by working on activities where students have to compare both Ebonics and Standard English, students’ knowledge of Standard English is increasing and their use of Ebonics is decreasing. Another arguments teachers use against Ebonics is that it obstructs the academic potential of African-Americans. Thomas goes further on by stating the Oakland school board Ebonics issue. In 1996, the Oakland, California school board started using Ebonics as a way to teach to African American students whose grades were lower than other ethnicities. As a result of using Ebonics as a vehicle to teaching, Thomas states, â€Å"the Oakland School Districts use of Ebonics in the classroom, [and] the students performance in reading and wring has improved†¦ the students have tested above district averages there was a in reading and writing skills† Ebonics and the African-American Student (6). So not only is the teaching of Ebonics facilitating school work for students, but it is also increasing their grades. Ebonics, a language that is stereotyped as ignorant and uneducated, is now becoming a great tool for educating students.

A Fire Alarm System | Engineering Essay

A Fire Alarm System | Engineering Essay It is more prudent to head off a disaster beforehand than to deal with it after it occurs. Fire alarms are one of the most useful ways to avoid fire deaths. A fire alarm system is part of the total security system providing fire protection. Installation of fire alarm system gives rise to numerous benefits such as safety of occupant of a building, reducing loss of property or early notification to fire department. Two hundred years ago, early Americans fire alarms were very creative. The different ways to announce a fire were by blowing whistles, ringing church bells or even shooting guns into the air. Due to the creativeness and inventiveness of early scientists, alarm systems were revolutionized. They were using the telegraph technology [1]. Ensuing decades into the 21st century produces multi-functional community fire reporting methods through wireless transmitter. Consequently, alarm systems were installed in private houses and business for security reasons. The first fire alarm system was created in the year 1658. There was no technology used. The New Yorks first fire department employed eight men. Nightly, the firemen were walking the streets to check for fires. In the 1850s, the Australian created the hand-shaken wooden rattle alarm which awoke people from impending harm. After the creation of the telegraph, forthcoming fire alarms were improved by employing this technology. Using teleg raph technology, in 1852, William F. Channing and Moses Farmer designed two fire alarm boxes with each containing a telegraphic key. With reporting a neighborhood fire, the person cranks the attached handle on the box releasing the key to send out a message of the box number to a central alarm station. Upon receiving the message, the telegrapher at central headquarters sent the corresponding address of the box location to the fire department response team [2]. Consequently, more advance technologies were used to create fire alarm which made the latter more effective in numerous ways. One of the most common types of fire alarm system is the smoke alarm. A smoke alarm is one that uses a smoke detector as a device that detects smoke to activate the alarm system. Although the use of smoke detector as sensing element is mostly used in fire alarm, the latter is not fully effective. According to Journal of Safety Research, improved efforts are needed for the functional use of smoke alarm to saves more lives. To improve the functioning of fire alarms, the type of sensor used must be changed [3]. Sensors play a fundamental role to any measurement and automation application. A sensor is a device that converts a change in a physical condition to a measurable response. One of the most useful types of sensor used in fire alarm is the temperature sensor. A temperature sensor is one that converts heat energy in electrical energy. That is, the temperature scale is calibrated accordingly to a voltage scale. There are several temperature sensors, a few of them are, thermocouples, thermistors and thermostats among others [4]. In most of the electronic circuitry, signals from sensors are processed using a microcontroller. A microcontroller is a small computer mounted on a single integrated circuit. It is divided into different section namely the processor core, memory and programmable input and output peripheral. The different types of microcontroller used are Programmable Logic Device (PLD), Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Peripheral Interface Controller and the most recent one the Matrix Industrial Automotive Controller (MIAC). The MIAC is an industrial grade control unit which can be used to control a wide range of different electronic systems. Programming the MIAC system is typically done using Flowcode, which is a simple microcontroller language that uses the same principle as flowchart. In this project, a fire alarm will be installed in a chemical laboratory. One of the crucial aspects while working with chemical substances is temperature. The system which will be created will have as main objective to regulate in temperature of the laboratory and in case of fire to activate the fire alarm and its entire component. The system will have as input a temperature sensor which will read the temperature of the room. The signals from the temperature sensor will be used as the microcontroller input. The output of the microcontroller will vary according to the temperature of the room. The three main functions of the microcontroller are to activate the air conditioner system when the temperature of the room is high. Furthermore, at low temperature the microcontroller will activate the heater system. Finally, at very high temperature, that is in case of fire, the system will activate the fire alarm, the sprinklers, close the windows and doors after all occupants of the laborato ry have left the premises. Closure of the windows and doors prevent the exposure of the fire to oxygen and avoiding the fire to expand on a larger scale. 1.2 Aim of the project The aim of the study is to design a system which will be used in a chemical laboratory. In case of very high temperature in the room denoting a fire, the system activates a fire alarm and all its components. Moreover, when the temperature of the room is low the heater system will be activated and when the temperature is high the air conditioner system will be activated. The system will have as input a temperature sensor and the MIAC as microprocessor to process the signals from the temperature sensor and activate the required system as its output. 1.3 Objectives of the Project The objectives of the project are as follows: To understand the structure and operation of the MIAC. To study the flowcode programming technique. To understand how to interface MIAC to the inputs and outputs. To design a program that meets the requirements of the system. To build a model of the system with all its components working accordingly. 1.4 Structure of the report 1.5 Brief Literature Review In the United State (US), most lethal injury that occurs in houses is caused by fires and burns. One of the most persuasive ways to prevent death and injury from fire is by installing a fire alarm. It is an effective method if regular maintenance is done on the alarm system regularly. Statistic shows that 95% of the houses in the US have a fire alarm; there is still a high percentage of fatal injury caused by fire. Due to lack of maintenance of the alarm, the latter tend to be ineffective. According to the finding in the Journal of Safety [3], theres a huge gap between number of smoke alarm present and the number of lives saved in fire tragedy. In order to improve the efficiency of alarm, campaign shall be done to make people aware of the danger if maintenance is not performed regularly. Accordingly, the most vulnerable group of people from fire death is the young children, older adults and the disabled person. Alarm system is an important aspect in processing industry. In industry where products are manufactured in line processing, alarm system plays a fundamental role in alerting the operators that a strange event has occur or equipment is not behaving according to normal conditions. For safe operation of the alarm system, regular alarm assessment is required for alarm management life cycle [5]. Regular assessment provides feedback for fine tuning the system resulting to a good working condition. There are two aspects in fire alarm design. The first aspect, the engineering aspect consist of the designing the alarm generating algorithm. The algorithm can be simple limit checking on a raw process to much complex one such as using machine learning tools for fault classification. The second aspect of the alarm system is the way that errors are notified in order that necessary action is taken at the right time to solve for the problem that occurred. Human Machine Interface [6] is an elemental part in the second aspect. In order to test for the performance of alarm system with respect to the first aspect of alarm design, graphical tools are used. Two graphical tools which are commonly used are firstly the High Density Alarm Plot (HDAP) and the Alarm Similarity Color Map (ASCM). The High Density Alarm Plot is an appropriate tool for visualizing large amount of alarm data of a plant over a selected time range. The HDAP gives a global picture of the alarm system without getting a deeper insight of how the latter works. The HDAP has the capability to identify visual periods of plant instability. By instability we mean the period of time where a high number of alarm is activated simultaneously in a short time period. The Alarm Similarity Color Map (ASCM) is software for graph plotting. There are several steps in plotting the ASCM graph [7]. The steps are follows under the assumption that the co-occurrence of two events follow a homogeneous Poison process and calculate the probability that the number of o verlaps is less than the maximum overlaps calculated for various lag. In most of the industrial system, the aim of the factory is to ensure that operation is run fluidly and without any abrupt interruption. Most modern industries use latest technology to ensure that the work is done correctly and effectively. The latest technologies consist of using sensors to gather information. Sensors are used to communicate the physical and environmental conditions under which the plant is running [8]. Different sensors are installed at various places in the factory to capture the information required. Under normal conditions, the plant shall operate smoothly. On the other hand, when a sensor captures a change in any one of the variables, operators are notified trough an alarm system. An activated alarm system indicates an abnormality in the plant processing [8]. In order to minimize the risk of injury or even death of people inside the plant, the fault should be identified rapidly and remedy actions shall be taken as soon as possible. Using sensors to gather information of the different variable, the running conditions of the factory are monitored thoroughly minimizing the risk that an abnormal behavior goes undetected. In contrast, with small changes in variables being monitored, sensors are prone to capture unimportant events. The slight changes in variables activate the alarm unnecessarily; this is known as nuisance alarm. Nuisance alarm conveys false impression of the true nature of the problem [8]. False alarm contributes to a more stressful working environment thus reducing the performance of operator to response to true alarm. In 1994, 11 minutes prior to explosion in the Texaco Milford Haven Refinery the two operators present at that time had to distinguish, acknowledge and act on 275 alarms [9]. We can conclude that for the proper operation of a factory, it is important to manage the alarm system effectively. There are different approaches to detect faults. Fault detection can be globally classified into two groups, namely model-based and signal processing based. Model based fault detection is more present in areas such as control theory and engineering [10]. Since it is very ambitious to reach precisely a mathematical model in practical situation, the use of model-based scheme is limited. Moreover, it is a tedious task and it is not always sure that the mode will be accurate enough to reflect the practical situation. The most popular fault detection system used nowadays in factories is simple limit checking of a directly measured variable [10]. This system is easy and simple to implement. In spite of its simplicity, the threshold level should be selected properly which directly affects the number of false and missed alarm. A false alarm is one that is raise without the presence of any abnormality in the process [8]. Missed alarm is an alarm that is not raised in the presence of fault [8]. When a wrong threshold level is chosen in the simple limit checking method, it results in greater number of false and missed alarm. When a fault occurs, the alarm systems may not be activated instantaneously. This occurs due to different delays of the system. There are different reasons causing this delay to a system. The different types of delay are network delay, bad implementation delay, sensor failure and data loss delay among others [8]. Moreover, the way the parameters of the alarm system are set can cause also rise the delay time of the system to response to a change in variables. To construct a trustworthy and effective alarm system three performance specifications should be taken into consideration namely false alarm rate, missed alarm rate and detection delay. 1.6 Summary From the information gathered so far, we can deduce that there is a need to research on new types of effective fire alarm system. Since the actual fire alarm systems are not effective as they shall be, an intelligent and practical system will be developed to serve for this purpose. The developed system will be controlled by a Matrix Automotive Multimedia Controller. The proposed system shall successfully deal with fire outbreak and also regulate the temperature of the room.

Essay --

Willie Breslau Professor Pollak COML 1109 11/27/13 â€Å"Reluctance† by Robert Frost An extended metaphor of a road, that represents the mans life and journey he has taken, runs throughout Robert Frost’s poem â€Å"Reluctance†. The title and the last line help to break through the metaphor and understand the meaning behind it, as Frost deliberates humans’ hesitation to accept change and the inevitability of a natural end, whether of â€Å"a love or a season†. â€Å"Reluctance,† along with several other Frost poems, focuses on the change of seasons and how the narrator reacts to that change. However, while each narrator of â€Å"Reluctance†, â€Å"Spring Pools†, and â€Å"Nothing Gold can Stay† display different emotions about the seasonal changes they witness, they all display humans hesitation to except change and to hold onto what they have in the present. The sketch that I drew for this poem has a man who looks withered from travel with a long beard and wrinkled skin walking alone on a â€Å"highway†. Behind the narrator, I drew a small globe to represent that he is now returning from his travels around the world and in front of him a small town labeled home. Around the man stands on the highway are trees that have lost most of their leaves and leaves that are being blown on the snow covered ground. Other plants are drawn with fleeting life, as winter seems to be coming if not already here. â€Å"Reluctance’ consists of five stanzas each having six lines. The meter of the poem is tricky. In Frost terms, this poem could be considered to be in loose iambic trimeter, but would be more aptly described as trimeter. One interesting feature of this poems meter is that the last line of each stanza switches from trimeter to dimeter. Each stanza consists of the rhyme sc... ... In all three poems, change is represented as a transition between seasons with the narrator being enthralled by the present and not wanting time to change what they have. In â€Å"Reluctance† the seasons are more than actual seasons as the display a turning point in the narrators where he must decide to embrace change or follow his heart. In â€Å"Spring Pools† and â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay† the narrators both emphasize the short-lived beauty of nature because of the change in seasons and want so desperately the delay that change. However, both narrators almost reluctantly come to the conclusion that change can bring more beauty but are worried to lose what they have in the present. Frost’s mastery of poetry, nature, and human behavior are beautifully intertwined in these poems to create powerful messages that will continue to be relevant as mankind struggles to accept change.

Sexual Harrasment

Sexual Harassment Topic: Human Resource Management/Sexual Harassment Characters: Paula, Management trainee in the Production Department of a medium-sized company Steve, Vice President of Production and Paula’s Manager Richard, Paula’s coworker and a Manager in Production Paula, a recent college graduate, is a newly hired manager in the Production Department of a medium-sized US Company. The first woman selected for this production training position, Paula takes her work very seriously. She has been with the organization for three months.For the first two months, she performed her duties very well, but during the last month, Steve, her boss, has noticed a change in Paula. She seems more tense and uneasy and is to not concentrating on her work as conscientiously as she previously did During the last month, Paula has been continually harassed by Richard, a coworker. At first she tried ignoring his jokes and sexual banter. However, his persistence has caused Paula have very uncomfortable feelings while she is at work and at home as well.Paula looked into the employee’s handbook concerning sexual harassment policies and found none. She really did not know what to do. Finally, after noticing her continually declining work, Steve asked her what was bothering her. She told him the problem and showed him information concerning the EEOC laws dealing with sexual harassment in the workplace she had found in a human resources textbook from college. She also said that she was considering taking action against Richard if his actions continued.Steve told her he was totally unaware of the problem but agreed something should be done. He asked her to investigate what the organization needed to do to stop this from occurring now and also to anyone else in the future. He also thanked Paula for her patience and honesty and also promised her that something would be done. What Are the Ethical Issues? 1. What is sexual harassment, and why is it prohibited? 2. What obligations does a company have to deal with sexual harassment issues?Does an organization have an obligation to establish written policies on sexual harassment? 3. What obligations does a manager have to deal with accusations or established incidents of sexual harassment among his subordinates? How should such incidents be handled? 4. What should be done with individuals who are accused of sexual harassment? What would be appropriate penalties for individuals found to have been involved in sexual harassment of others? 5. What obligation does a company and its managers have towards the victims of sexual harassment?What Actions Should Be Taken? 1. What actions should Paula take? 2. Should Steve address this current problem before he asks Paula to draft a harassment policy for the organization? 3. Is Paula the best choice to develop this document? 4. Should Richard be fired? Punished? 5. What are the choices Steve can take, and which would you choose? Why? 6. What ethical theories mak e the most sense (utilitarian, rights, justice) concerning this case? 7. What actions should Steve take? Sexual Harrasment Sexual harassment is a two word phrase which hopes to never be brought up in a fire department, legally or just in conversation. It is a despicable practice that is widely acceptable around the nation in fire departments and in business. However, it is not tolerated on the legal front, nor should it ever be condoned in a professional environment. Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender is absolutely intolerable and is a plague on today’s fire service. Claims on sexual harassment arise all the time and are never short of horrendous and demeaning acts, as well as crude remarks against the plaintiff.Many legal issues arise when it comes to sexual harassment as so many aspects play into a claim of sexual harassment. The term ‘sexual harassment’ is defined as – â€Å"Unwelcomed sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature, when submission to or rejection of this conduct affects an individualà ¢â‚¬â„¢s employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual’s work performance, or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment† By J. Curtis Varone, Legal Considerations for Fire and emergency services, 2nd edition, page 421.Accordingly sexual harassment claims tend to include almost all the above elements as well as many more elements, be they physical or verbal. It is also broken down into two main categories. The two categories of sexual harassment are ‘quid pro quo’ (this for that) and ‘hostile work environment’. Quid Pro Quo sexual harassment – â€Å"Occurs when the employee’s employment opportunities or benefits are granted or denied because of an individual’s submission to sexual advances or requests for sexual favors. † Varone, 421.Such examples of this kind of sexual harassment would include a female firefighter being denied a promotion unless she submitted to a perverse act entirely u nrelated to the typical means of promotion. Often times, such harassment only occurs whereby the supervisor is the harasser, making the employer strictly liable for the claim. Hostile Work Environment sexual harassment â€Å"Occurs when unwelcome sexual conduct unreasonably interferes with an individual’s work performance or has the effect of creating an intimidating or offensive work environment†Varone, 422. Such related examples do not even need to relate to employment opportunities or anything related under ‘quid pro quo’ harassment. It is possible for hostile work environment harassment to occur when either the employer or supervisor should have known about the event occurring, or that the said supervisor should have done something about it. Possible examples include sexually oriented comments, display of sexually oriented material in the workplace, sexually oriented demeaning names or obscene remarks or jokes to the harassed individual.Often more time s than not, hostile work environment harassment is more common than quid pro quo. Statistics on sexual harassment are surprisingly low compared to other types of harassment or discrimination. Sexual harassment is under-represented due to fear of punishment or disciplinary action. The EEOC puts out statistics every year on the matter. The year of 2011 was the lowest amount of claims year in the past decade; however, the damages done are no less degrading. The below table is based upon EEOC statistics. EEOC Sexual Harassment Claims: 2011 Statistics |Total Claims filed | 11,364| % of Charges Filed by Males | 16. 3%| | Claims Resolutions by Type: | Number | Percent | Settlements | 1,367| 10. 9% | Withdrawals w/Benefits | 1,150| 9. 1% | Administrative Closures | 2,635 | 21. 0%| No Reasonable Cause | 6,658| 53. 0%| Reasonable Cause | 761| 6. 1%| Successful Conciliations | 288| 2. 3%| Unsuccessful Conciliations | 473| 3. 8%| Merit Resolutions | 3,278 | 26. 1%| Total Settlement Dollars | $5 2,300,000| Compared to previous years, 2011 has been substantially lower in amount of claims of sexual harassment.Also seen is the financial burden that sexual harassment carries. It is by no means unreasonable for the amount and extent of damages that occur for the affected individuals. Real examples of sexual harassment in the media are ever prevalent today. One such recent example comes from Phoenix, Arizona. The female plaintiff alleges that she endured years of demeaning names and remarks as well as having been passed up for promotion where it was due. She issued a $70,000 lawsuit against the City of Phoenix. A case very similar to this is the Julia M.O’Rourke v City of Providence case from the early 90’s, which I think will be similar to the final outcome of the City of Phoenix case. Julia M. O’Rourke was one of the first female firefighters in the history of the Providence fire department. She started with 6 other women in the process of the fire departme nts academy in January of 1992. After which, O’Rourke was hired under the city’s new affirmative action policy. It wasn’t until this point that the Chief of the department made a sexual harassment policy. The policy stated was to keep sexual related content, be it media, or remarks out of the department.It also stated that the supervisor of each station was responsible to enforce the policy. Also added was a course on sensitivity training as well as a sexual harassment course. Prior to even being fully employed, Julia experienced many instances of sexual harassment during the academy. Almost every instance can be tied to hostile work environment sexual harassment. On numerous occasions, one specific academy member, Ferro, was found to be discussing overly sexual opinions, displaying pornographic content to other members as well as making remarks specifically to O’Rourke.In one specific event, Ferro pointed to O’Rourke’s breasts and claimed t hat she was â€Å"stacked†, in the company of many other students at a water training exercise. Ferro continued to be a general problem for O’Rourke during the course of the academy. Even after making through the academy and being hired on at engine 5, B shift, the harassment did not stop, in fact, it got worse. Instead of just from a co-worker, harassment was now coming from the company officer on her shift. A specific event occurred where the company officer threw pieces of paper with O’Rourkes number out of the engine while going past a bar in the own. Despite being asked to stop by O’Rourke, the company officer continued and laughed. Also at one point, she was warned that there was the possibility of there being a closed circuit camera in her bunk room. She felt completely invaded and violated in a place that should feel at the very least safe. Volatile treatment like this continued to occur for the next 2 years. Finally in September of 1994, Oâ€℠¢Rourke sought out the City’s EEO officer. This finally got the ball rolling to straighten out and shed justice on the issue.Final verdicts won for O’Rourke throughout the year of 1997 on numerous cases on the basis of hostile work environment sexual harassment. O’Rourke was victorious in receiving her dues on the basis of sexual harassment. I feel that the Phoenix Arizona case will play out similarly, but only time will tell as there is not much information so far on the exact events or court trials. Ultimately, sexual harassment will continue to plague the fire service until people become more tolerable of others differences.Sexual harassment is immensely degrading for the affected individual and is nothing short of driving a person to inadequacy. It should never be tolerated in the workplace or professional environment and certainly has no place in the fire service. The main virtue is that a person can do the job. That is the only merit that holds true, but d iscrimination on the basis of gender or sexual preference simply isn’t a proper means of deciding whether or not an individual should be able to perform in this job.It is my hope that there will continue to be a downward trend in sexual harassment claims and actual occurrences as the practice of such is horrendous. Works Cited – Varone, J. C. (2006). Legal considerations for fire and emergency services. Delmar Pub. Resendez, M. E. (Writer) (2012). In ABC 15. Phoenix, AZ: ABC. Retrieved from http://www. abc15. com/dpp/news/region_phoenix_metro/central_phoenix/70k-sexual-harassment-lawsuit-prompts-big-changes-at-the-Phoenix-Fire-Department Eeoc. Retrieved from http://www. eeoc. gov/ Sexual Harrasment Sexual Harassment Topic: Human Resource Management/Sexual Harassment Characters: Paula, Management trainee in the Production Department of a medium-sized company Steve, Vice President of Production and Paula’s Manager Richard, Paula’s coworker and a Manager in Production Paula, a recent college graduate, is a newly hired manager in the Production Department of a medium-sized US Company. The first woman selected for this production training position, Paula takes her work very seriously. She has been with the organization for three months.For the first two months, she performed her duties very well, but during the last month, Steve, her boss, has noticed a change in Paula. She seems more tense and uneasy and is to not concentrating on her work as conscientiously as she previously did During the last month, Paula has been continually harassed by Richard, a coworker. At first she tried ignoring his jokes and sexual banter. However, his persistence has caused Paula have very uncomfortable feelings while she is at work and at home as well.Paula looked into the employee’s handbook concerning sexual harassment policies and found none. She really did not know what to do. Finally, after noticing her continually declining work, Steve asked her what was bothering her. She told him the problem and showed him information concerning the EEOC laws dealing with sexual harassment in the workplace she had found in a human resources textbook from college. She also said that she was considering taking action against Richard if his actions continued.Steve told her he was totally unaware of the problem but agreed something should be done. He asked her to investigate what the organization needed to do to stop this from occurring now and also to anyone else in the future. He also thanked Paula for her patience and honesty and also promised her that something would be done. What Are the Ethical Issues? 1. What is sexual harassment, and why is it prohibited? 2. What obligations does a company have to deal with sexual harassment issues?Does an organization have an obligation to establish written policies on sexual harassment? 3. What obligations does a manager have to deal with accusations or established incidents of sexual harassment among his subordinates? How should such incidents be handled? 4. What should be done with individuals who are accused of sexual harassment? What would be appropriate penalties for individuals found to have been involved in sexual harassment of others? 5. What obligation does a company and its managers have towards the victims of sexual harassment?What Actions Should Be Taken? 1. What actions should Paula take? 2. Should Steve address this current problem before he asks Paula to draft a harassment policy for the organization? 3. Is Paula the best choice to develop this document? 4. Should Richard be fired? Punished? 5. What are the choices Steve can take, and which would you choose? Why? 6. What ethical theories mak e the most sense (utilitarian, rights, justice) concerning this case? 7. What actions should Steve take?