Essay --

Now that we affirm demonstrated the Gothic influence on the Brontes writings , at once that we have identified the interest the Brontes had in the Gothic, it seems logical to assume then that the vampire motif has been use not only in Emily and Charlotte Brontes works, it is also exploited by Anne Bronte throughout her second work The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.The creation of traditional supernatural vampires has no rhyme or reason. It has been like the galloping clam with no horse rider to control the race. Nineteenth century vampires of Gothic literature, by contrast, are literary tools serving some particular purpose. Carol A. Senf in her book The vampire in Nineteenth Century English Literature stresses the fact that 19th century writers make use of the vampire as a amicable allegory in realistic fiction. She writes thusPolidoridoes provide however the merest suggestion of the ways that writers, such as the Brontes and George Eliot, will use the vampire as a social metaphor when he gives the reader brief glimpses of a corrupt society where the wealthy, plagued by ennui, seek to alleviate their boredom by flirting with vice (Senf 39). consequently in the case of the vampire motif in a nineteenth century Gothic novel entitled The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, Anne uses Gothic metaphors rather than photographic descriptions to reveal the social horrors of her time. It appears now that Anne Bronte uses much the same narrative strategy as her sisters Charlotte Bronte and Emily Bronte.Like Charlotte and Emily, Anne Bronte diminishes the vampires mythic power and focuses on the sorts of cruelties her clement characters display to destroy the lives of others. For instance, through the vampire motif Anne diverts her readers atten... ...uding the New Woman of the 1890s. Thats why the blood-sucking aspect of vampires is gradually being diluted by nineteenth century writers. It seems clear therefore, that Anne Bronte, through her outstanding work of art, joins Osc ar Wildes view that both narrative strategy should be employed solely for unveiling the sad conditions of the time and not for gratifying a bourgeois taste of some kind. In his 1891 essay The Soul of Man Under Socialism, Oscar Wilde stresses the fact that any artistic piece of work must be a product of the artists creative process. A work of art must have one supreme goal representing what others need and not what others desire to see. This is exactly what constitutes a given artistic greatness, according to Wilde. Indeed, Only when the artist ceases to suit others desires, that he comes to be regarded a true artist.(witcombe.sbc.)

Comparison Between the Sunnis and Shiites Essay -- Religion Religious

A Comparison Between the Sunnis and Shiites Have you ever wondered ab pop other religions that are out there and why they are out there? I choose and that is why I chose to write my paper on the Sunnis and Shiites. Read on to make up ones mind more about a brief history and then I will break each of them into separate religions.In books written on Islam the member hadith usu altogethery refers to the sayings or traditions which have been given from the Prophet. Muslims hold these to be the most important source of Islamic teachings after the Quran. A lot of books have been written in English about what the hadith means in Islam and a number of important translations have been made. Almost all the studies have been hold in to the point of view of Sunni Islam and based on Sunni sources and collections. Practically no one has ever paid any attention to the different nature of the hadith literature in Shiism and the different sources from which the hadiths are recieved. The m ain difference to be made between Shiite and Sunni hadiths is that in Shiism the traditions are not limited to those of the Prophet, but include those of the Imams as well. I will explain more of the distinctions later on. The difference between the two religions is still hard to distinguish even with easy to understand books resembling the Encyclopedia of World Faiths. There, the author of the article is aware that there is some difference between Shiism and Sunnism on the question of which hadiths are included, but he thinks that it lies in the fact that the Shiite collections accept only traditions traced through Alis family. But this is incorrect, since a lot of traditions are also gotten through other sources. What the author fails to mention is that the hadith literature as understood by Shiites is not limited to the sayings of the Prophet, but includes those of the Imams as well.The most famous and reliable collections of Shiite hadiths are four books. These books relate to the Six refuse Collections in Sunni Islam. These are al-Kafi fi ilm al-din (The Sufficient in the Knowledge of Religion) by Thiqat al-Islam Muhammad ibn Yaqub al-Kulayni (d. 329/940), Man la yahduruhu al-faqih (For him not in the Presence of Jurisprudent) of Shaykh al-Saduq Muhammad ibn Babuyah al-Qummi (d. 381/991), Tahdhib al-ahkam (Rectification of the Statutes) by Shaykh al-Taifah Muhammad al-Tusi (d. 460/ 1068) a... ...egarding the holding of spiritual and governmental authority remained strong even after the end of the Caliphate itself in the 13th snow. The Sunnites strongest belief has an emphasis on the views and customs of the majority of the community, as distinguished from the views of other groups. The Sunnites compromised by allowing the other groups to bring their beliefs and customs that had nothing to do with the Quran. The Sunnites recognize the six authentic books of the Hadith, which contain the spoken tradition attributed to Muhammad. In the 20th century the Sunnites constituted the majority of Muslims in all nations except Iran, Iraq, and perhaps Yemen. They numbered about 900 million in the late 20th century and made up nine-tenths of all the followers of Islam. In conclusion I would like to comment on a couple of things. First of all the Shiism makes up 10 percent and Sunnism makes up the other 90 percent of the Muslim religion. Second of all the Shiites and Sunnis both are closely related, but have many differences. The two religions are both very complicated and difficult to understand. I hope after reading this paper you have learned a little more about both.

The Effects Of World War One On Canada?s People Essay -- essays resear

When Britain called on Canada to help in World War One, Canadians dutifully volunteered. Many Canadians thought that this would be a glamorous adventure that they could not miss. However, Canadians were in for a rude awakening as this glamorous adventure off out to be more than they bargained for. This was a new kind of war, unmatched that cost Canadians dearly. Poor organization among array, appalling war conditions Canadians endured and lack of effective leaders that did not support the best interests of Canadian troops all contributed to the pointless suffering Canadians endured in this supposed glamorous adventure. In the beginning, the poor organization among the troops resulted in some of the mishaps that occurred in battle. In particular, soldiers were all very inexperienced and needed a great deal of training. Many recruits had only two hours of rear practice a day-not nearly enough to prepare them for battle (Newman 139). These green soldiers went into battle only knowin g the basic necessities of combat. Without these vital techniques and lack of practice, the basic underground stood a slim chance of survival in the front lines. Poor organization was also evident when equipment was being outfitted for the Canadian troops. On one occasion a load of boots arrived, all for the right foot (Newman 139). As well, when Canadian troops were given equipment, it was often found to be inadequate. A Canadian soldier commented, We have been given new black boots, magni...

american character - then and now Essay -- essays research papers

American Character - Then and NowA notion that until now holds strong today, Fredrick Jackson Turners idea of American division was one based on trials and experiences. Unlike Crevecour, Turner believed that American vulcanized fiber was not simply a product of side character transported to America, hardly or else another idea altogether (Faragher 63). He expressed this opinion the best when he said, In the crucible of the marches the immigrants were Americanized, liberated, and fused into a mixed race, English in neither nationality nor characteristics (Faragher 64). How exactly did American character form and what defines it? Turner answered this question with the Turner thesis, using the concept of the pioneer and the immigrants who followed him to explain the western frontier and its expansion (Faragher 70). The following paragraphs will help describe how American character has manifested itself in todays society by integrating ideas from Frederick Jackson Turner, Charles Wilson Peale, and heroes interpret in different forms of entertainment during the rise and fall of the western frontier. In Rereading America The Significance of the Frontier in American History, ideas from an author of A New Guide for Immigrants (Mid-American Frontier) by the name of Peck were used to further stress the significance of the Turner thesis in our world today (Peck 42). In his book, Peck identified three different stages or draw ins of western civilization. The first stage is sort of the epitome of what is now recognized to be American character the pioneer or farmer (Peck 43). This was a man who provided for his family by depending on vegetation and hunting. He did not care whether the land he temporarily diligent was in his ownership or not. When the area became too civilized, the pioneer moved on to make new discoveries and left his soil and house for the new wave of immigrants. Thus, introducing the second stage of western civilization. These immigrants purchase d the pioneers land and created a way of life best described as frugal and simple, consisting of school houses and mill (Peck 44). The third and final stage, labeled as the men of capital and enterprise, is when the small villages created by the immigrants became... ...obstacle (in this case the rocky hill), and do not stop at anything to conquer this challenge. This ad also shows the toughness and rugged individuality of American character seen during the western frontier. By turning 50 miles of the earths toughest into a yard stick, the ad portrays the American man as being capable of doing anything . The Jeep itself is an important product all in its own, providing a sense of authority and outdoors sporting, this can also be seen in SUVs like the HummerH2 big and bad. (Cosmopolitan, 297)Whether it is an ad, an educational program, or a job interview, the air of American character still echoes throughout America today. It may not be seen in the struggling to provide for ones fam ily in todays society, but rather the struggling of immigrants from the past helps give America an identity. In the end, American character is not just one aspect of life, particularly the first western frontier, but it consists of many waves of this western frontier, which ironically resulted in its disappearance. Thus, the close of the western frontier opened a new chapter in American life, American character, and the American dream.

Autor Of All Quiet On The Western Front :: essays research papers

THE AUTHOR AND HIS TIMES Born Erich Paul Remark on June 22, 1898, he grew up in a Roman Catholic family in Osnabrck in the province of Westphalia, Germany- a city in the northwest part of what is now West Germany. He adored his mother, Anna Maria, but was never close to his father, Peter. The First humans War effectively shut him off from his sisters, Elfriede and Erna. Peter Remark, descended from a family that fled to Germany after the French Revolution, clear so little as a bookbinder that the family had to move 11 times between 1898 and 1912. The familys poverty drove Remarque as a teenager to earn his own clothes money (giving piano lessons). He developed a craving for luxury, which he never outgrew. His piano playing and other interests, such as collecting butterflies and exploring streams and forests, later appeared in his fictional characters. His love of writing earned him the nickname Smudge. Because of the frequent moving, Remarque attended two different elementary scho ols and then the Catholic Praparande (preparatory school). He loved the drama of Catholic rituals, the beauty of churches, the flowers in religious residence gardens, and works of art. He later wrote with a sense of theater, and he featured churches and museums, flowers and trees as symbols of enduring peace. While in school, he had problems with teachers, however, and eventually paid them bet on by ridiculing them in his novels. At the Praparande he argued so much with one teacher that he used the mans personality and anothers name (Konschorek) to produce a specialized character in All Quiet on the Western Front Schoolmaster Kantorek. In November 1916, when Remarque was eighteen and a third-year student at Osnabrucks Lehrerseminar (teachers college), he was drafted for World War I. After basic training at the Westerberg in Osnabruck (the Klosterberg of All Quiet), he was assigned to a reserve battalion, but often granted leave to visit his seriously ill mother. In June 1917, he was assigned to a trench unit near the Western Front. He was a calm, undisturbed soldier, and when grenade splinters wounded his classmate Troske, Remarque carried him to safety. He was devastated when Troske died in the hospital of head wounds that had gone unnoticed. Still, he rescued another comrade before he himself was earnestly injured- also by grenade splinters- and sent to the St. Vincenz hospital in Duisburg for much of 1917-1918.

Autor Of All Quiet On The Western Front :: essays research papers

THE AUTHOR AND HIS TIMES Born Erich Paul Remark on June 22, 1898, he grew up in a Roman Catholic family in Osnabrck in the province of Westphalia, Germany- a city in the northwest part of what is now West Germany. He adored his mother, Anna Maria, but was never close to his father, Peter. The First gentleman War effectively shut him off from his sisters, Elfriede and Erna. Peter Remark, descended from a family that fled to Germany after the French Revolution, bring in so little as a bookbinder that the family had to move 11 times between 1898 and 1912. The familys poverty drove Remarque as a teenager to earn his own clothes money (giving piano lessons). He developed a craving for luxury, which he never outgrew. His piano playing and other interests, such as collecting butterflies and exploring streams and forests, later appeared in his fictional characters. His love of writing earned him the nickname Smudge. Because of the frequent moving, Remarque attended two different elementar y schools and then the Catholic Praparande (preparatory school). He loved the drama of Catholic rituals, the beauty of churches, the flowers in surround gardens, and works of art. He later wrote with a sense of theater, and he featured churches and museums, flowers and trees as symbols of enduring peace. While in school, he had problems with teachers, however, and eventually paid them backrest by ridiculing them in his novels. At the Praparande he argued so much with one teacher that he used the mans personality and anothers name (Konschorek) to produce a particular proposition character in All Quiet on the Western Front Schoolmaster Kantorek. In November 1916, when Remarque was eighteen and a third-year student at Osnabrucks Lehrerseminar (teachers college), he was drafted for World War I. After basic training at the Westerberg in Osnabruck (the Klosterberg of All Quiet), he was assigned to a reserve battalion, but often presumption leave to visit his seriously ill mother. In Ju ne 1917, he was assigned to a trench unit near the Western Front. He was a calm, unruffled soldier, and when grenade splinters wounded his classmate Troske, Remarque carried him to safety. He was devastated when Troske died in the hospital of head wounds that had gone unnoticed. Still, he rescued another comrade before he himself was intemperately injured- also by grenade splinters- and sent to the St. Vincenz hospital in Duisburg for much of 1917-1918.

Animals and Humans

Animals and Humans It may be that some homos argon negligent, but humans ar regarded as beastly, whereas animate beings are being considered recrudesce. numerous ideas can lead up to these assumptions many of these ideas can be disputed. Loyalty can be a huge leading cause to these assumptions. Animals (domestic) are nigh always hardcore and most humans cant seem to be loyal if their life depended on it. Animals are not always better and humans arent always beastly, but that is how most race impart see it. Animals are better than humans in some cases mostly loyalty.When atomic number 53 wins an animals loyalty, that animal is loyal always. Loyalty given is a precious commodity. One thing I do know is that a shack exit teach a human what real loyalty is all ab forth. There affirm been many stories about dogs waiting almost for years by and by their master is deceased. The sound of a car pulling up in the driveway will send the dogs ears perking up and their tails wagg ing at least for a while. The dog will still always be awaiting their master, but when the dog realizes that their master is never coming home the animal will suffice differently the dog acts depressed.The adept absolutely unselfish friend that man can collapse in this world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog. Loyalty is a very broad term which may be applicable in case of ones family, locality or the country. A loyal person is ready to sacrifice even his own life for the sake of his master, friend, relative or the country. A loyal person bears a moral character, honest outlook, and disciplined manners. There are handfuls of loyal people in the world loyalty forms the basis of human character. A truly loyal man cannot be bribed or tempted to deviate from his own path.If there is ever a chance that an animal is not loyal, which there is, its a desire(p)ly because of snub by an owner. The animal may have been beaten, o r have been attacked by an other(a) animal also, starvation which can be tied in with neglect. go wrong can cause damage to the animal and cause the animal to start trying to take care of itself, probably teaching itself to survive. Animals will do what they have to do to survive if that means attacking and eating another animal for food, it will. Neglect and abandonment from a human causes animal to act disloyal, which I dont think makes the animal bad, it is only trying to survive.Humans are not very loyal whatsoever. For one to be loyal they moldiness be completely strong and know what is right. It is difficult to find people like that anymore. People will do whatever they can to hurt someone. virtually people will get close to someone just to steal something or even to steal their friend. People confide in other people and tell them things, but not everyone will keep the persons secrets to themselves like they promised. Thats called being disloyal and people commit it all of t he time. Animals are considered beastly because they sometimes attack people and other animals.A lot of times pit bulls are picked at as one of the most beastly dogs from experience, theyre one of the best and loving animals. When an animal attacks a human being it is usually because the human is treating the animal badly. An animal just doesnt walk around expression for a human to attack. Humans often do they will want to fight someone so bad that they will go looking for that person. Humans are considered beastly, very unkind, malicious, and I can honestly say that I understand why. People are mean, cruel, hurtful, and they really just dont care about other peoples feelings.Humans can torture someone and be okay with it backstab people without a care lose entrust in a matter of seconds talk bad about their so called best friend even lie straight to someones face. If thats not considered beastly, then who knows what is. The worst thing a loyal animal could do to their master is p lay a little too rough or jump on one with mud on their paws. What do humans do when the dog bites or gets mud on their clothes? A human will smack the hell out of a dog. They leave the dog scared with their tail between their legs because the dog doesnt know what they did wrong.Of course, not everyone will treat their animal that way. Some animals are like the humans baby. These humans will not harm their animals or give the animal any motive to be scared, besides maybe stepping on them if the animal walks between their legs. Even though the dog gets stepped on it is not going to bite the hell out of their owner. Most humans will not go a day without food but they will force their animals in the backyard to starve. The animals have no weft but to starve unless they are going to eat dirt or the grass out back.Humans can give animals their leftovers, but they usually dont even give that a second thought. Differences between humans and animals are much more than language. small-arm has free will. Animals act on instinct. Animals do not have a sense of self, but humans do. Man has the ability to conceptualize animals do not as evidenced time and time again. Man has sex for pleasure animals do not with the exception of dolphins. This has been proven time and time again. Animals dont murder out of lust or greed, but in refutal of young and territory, and on instinct alone, not premeditation.When humans get mad at each other they dont blow it off like how two animals would. Humans hold the grudge for a long time, whereas, dogs dont have that emotion. One minute the dogs are snarling at each other back and forth the next minute they are blowing in and out of their noses excitedly to play. When a human loves an animal it really is love, not love like for a spouse, but a genuine feeling. When the animal and human are apart for a while and they meet again both are change with joy and happiness. This is a beautiful thing because so often it doesnt happen like that.Y ou are able to see the excitement in the animal and the human. Animals can give that almost human look like Alice Walker explains in her essay, Am I Blue? (279). Animals and humans will always have huge differences, because they arent the same. Being a human does not give you the right to be beastly. Humans are expected to be good, while animals are expected to be beastly because theyre animals. It has come to my attention that it is quite the opposite and Im sure thats not the way that things are supposed to be, but it will forever remain that way. We children were always warned not to harm the frogs or the toads. (Silko 380) The old time people told their children that, yet now in this day, there are worse things going on like the beating and neglect of animals by the beastly humans.Works Cited Silko, Leslie Marmon. Yellow Woman and a Beauty of the Spirit. The McGraw-Hill referee Issues across the Disciplines. Ed. Gilbert H. Muller. 11th ed. New York 2011. McGraw- Hill, 2011. 375-382. Print. Walker, Alice. Am I Blue? The McGraw-Hill Reader Issues across the Disciplines. Ed. Gilbert H. Muller. 11th ed. New York 2011. McGraw-Hill, 2011. 756-761. Print.

Walmart Global Expansion

Wal-Marts Global Expansion Introduction Sam Walton established Wal-Mart at Arkansas in 1962. It has grown dramatically over the last 40 years and has become one of the worlds largest retailers with the sales of $401 billion in a year ending Jan. thirty-first 2009. Wal-Mart has approximately 7,000 stores globally with 2 billion employees. It is the largest private employer in Mexico and Canada with the employee figures hitting roughly 1. 4 million in this region. It in any case operates 3,600 additional stores in 16 worldwide food merchandises that include China, Japan, South Korea, India and United Kingdom.Wal-Mart does particularly intumesce in Canada where they have a chain of 314 stores. In 2008, it had 92,284,000 dollars of gross profit. Wal-Mart serves its customers and members over 200 million times per week and ranked first among retailers in Fortune Magazines 2009 Most Admired Companies survey. Wal-Mart provides sustainability- focused products. Wal-Mart not only provid es jobs for senior citizens and students exactly also provide opportunities to build careers with competitive salaries. The retailer claims that 75% of its stores management team joined the lodge as hourly sales associates.Wal-Mart has also got an heroic ethical policy which includes regular use of recycling products and creating almost zero landfill waste. The company also makes vast amount of donations to different local level kind-hearted organizations e real year for improving peoples lives, which make Wal-Mart a trusted organization for funding the community programs to address hunger, homelessness, education, job training and opposite basic needs. International Expansion of Wal-Mart and its BenefitsBy 1990, Wal-Mart realized that the opportunities for growth in United States is becoming limited because of the saturation of the market and decided to expand their business line globally. Their international expansion put a greater impact on international market and has swo pd the way business is conducted globally. It has also increased the benefits for the consumers as it helps them happen less money on well(p)s they purchase. The companys relationship with their key suppliers such as General Electronics (For appliances), Unilever (For Food Products) and Procter & Gamble (For Personal care products) is very good.All these suppliers are internationally recognized with vast global expansion and because of this Wal-Mart are able to demand deeper discounts from the local operations of its suppliers. Apart from these world known suppliers Wal-Mart also does business with more than 2,500 minority and women-owned business visualizeprises (MWBE). The result of this good relationship with suppliers federal agency they can lower their pr nut cases to attract more consumers, gain market share and increase their profit margins in international market. Wal-Mart claims in its data sheet for December 2009 that its international business achieved 11. % rise in sales for the consentient financial year. Except the profit and market share another benefit of international expansion for Wal-Mart is the flow of different judgments for example, a double-floor store in brisk York was opened because of the success of multi-floor stores in South Korea. Other ideas such as the layout of the wine department in Argentina have now been used into the layouts of companys stores worldwide. Wal-Mart is also constantly trying to improve its reputation ethically and consistently helping over 100,000 charitable and community-focused organizations by providing financial and volunteer support. retail merchants policy of buying fair-trade products in the international market is also attracting the attention of many consumers to shop in Wal-Mart. Risks When Entering Other Retail Markets The idea of expanding internationally was initially jeered off and the critics set uped that Wal-Marts style of trading only suits to an American market, which in other countr ies is not going to work because of the different market structure, peoples taste and the popularity of already established retailers. But instead of all the critics Wal-Mart went ahead with an idea and in 1991opened their first international branch in Mexico.Expanding business internationally also brought some risks for the retailer as being new in the market they faced problems like bad infrastructure, lack of leverage from their suppliers and no knowledge about consumers taste, which resulted the rise in prices of their products and lack of interest from the consumers. One prime example of this kind of mistake was in Mexico where they merchandised products like ice skates, lawn mowers and fishing tackles which were good sellers in United States unless without a surprise didnt do well in Mexico.Managers had to reduce prices to sell that stock but it was re-ordered because of the automated ordering system. These problems created a large risk to prove the critics right about Wal-Ma rt not surviving internationally. Diminishing the Risks Wal-Mart learned vastly from their experience in Mexico and afterward that whenever they entered any international market they took strict measures on not repeating the same mistakes. To avoid risks of making past mistakes they made deals with vehicle companies which means improved and frequent distribution system, adapted local environment and merchandised goods in stores that appealed local tastes.With the grown presence of Wal-Mart in the international market their suppliers built factories honorable the distribution centers so they could serve the company better, which meant frequent inventory and cutting down the cost to get better market share. These are the tactics that has made Wal-Mart one of the most successful and globally recognized retailer in the world. Entering Mexico via spliff Venture Wal-Mart first entered Mexico through a joint imperil with Cifera, because it was the largest local retailer in Mexico which was somehow within the standard as Wal-Mart was in the United States.The other reason it entered through a joint endanger was because they wanted to be on the safe side when entering a new market considering they had no previous experience of the market they were planning to enter and hoped the experience from Cifera will help them in making their brand global, which they had planned to do after the market in America got saturated for domestic growth. pecuniary Aspect of Joint Venture As for the financial aspect of joint venture seems to be that both(prenominal) companies can benefit from the profit as well as share the risk and cost.Get a greater access to resources which both companies can share with each other and also the availability for both companies to a new market distribution. While not to forget the risk of this particular idea for a business is that every company has different objectives on how to move forward with the business. The other risk is the communication fl ow as one company can be centralized and the other decentralized. Purchase of Joint Venture Partner The major reason believed to push Wal-Mart to buy of their Mexican joint venture partner Cifera.Was that they had gained enough experience working in Mexico which was somewhat about 7 years and during that time they had increased their sales of good as well as made contacts to help them prosper without the help of having a joint venture. After getting exposed and experience within the market they had considered to start their own chain of stores to have a firsthand control sooner than having to collaborate with their partner to make certain decisions.The other reason could be considered that is since their deployment in the Mexico during 1991 when goods were being sold at 20 percent more than in the States due to various different conditions such as transport and production of goods. They were able to sort out the problem by at first having a deal in place with a major transport comp any to bring products from their factory to the stores in Mexico, which later on opted on suppliers to open factories around areas where stores were located which enabled to cut down on logistics cost. Having this in place they were able to provide the same goods in the same price as they did in the States. balance of Strategy for Dominance Before explaining the scheme that Wal-Mart pursued it would be helpful in understanding the strategies. As per the question four different strategies were provided to consider and show the one chosen by Wal-Mart to match its strategic choice and why. The four strategies are global strategy, localization strategy, international strategy, and transnational strategy. Global standardization strategy is a strategy that focuses on increasing profitability by reaping cost reductions from experience curve and kettle of fish economies (Hill, 2009).Localization strategy is a plan which focuses on increasing profitability by customizing the goods or servi ces to match tastes in national markets (Hill, 2009). Transnational strategy is a plan to exploit experience-based cost and location economies, transfer core competencies with the firm, and pay attention to local responsiveness (Hill, 2009). Lastly international strategy is trying to create value by transferring core competencies to contrary markets where indigenous competitors lack those competencies (Hill, 2009).Domination The strategy that Wal-Mart used to go global from United States was the global strategy at first in Mexico but after noticing that the strategy has no affect rather than sales going up they had to cut down the price of goods to be able to sell them. This enabled the company to change from global to localization strategy which is to focus on increasing profitability by customizing the firms goods or services they provide a good match to tastes and preferences in different national markets.This enabled them to adapt to the local market and provide goods that matc hed the local environment. As for making sense of this strategy it was a valuable and the right decision considering the outcome from the change. As profit grew so did the hold in the market as well as outsmarting their nearest rival by having more than twice as many stores within the country. Conclusion To conclude, Wal-Mart benefited vastly from their global expansion. It experienced an increase of global market share, reputation and profit margin.It also gained economies of scales. Although, they faced massive problems when they took their business internationally but they quickly learned from their mistakes and adapted the strategies according to different international markets, which benefited them in many ways. Wal-Mart ranked eighth in 2009 Forbes Magazines of global companies but 1st in global retailers ranking and if they keep attracting consumers by their business strategies then without a head it will stay the top retailer for a long time.

American involvement In N. Africa during world war II (Revised)

The second world II was a world wide conflict which started in 1939 and ended in 1945. The contend was fought in different places in the world. One was fought in Asia at around 1937, the other in Europe in 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Germ all. A nonher unrivalled was also fought in African continent. It led the world nations to split into two that is. Allies (Britain and the States) and the bloc (Germany and Italy) The Second World War started when Hitler invaded Poland on September prime(prenominal) in 1939.About million Australians fought in the Second World War in campaigns against Germany and Italy in Europe, North Africa, Mediterranean and against Japan in South eastmost Asia as well as in other parts of the Pacific. The main focus in this paper will be to discuss on the US phalanx involvement in North Africa during the Second World War. In 1942, November, United Kingdom military forces in conjunction with US military forces staged fight against the French North A frica. It was the result of the long contentious argument betwixt American planners of contend and those of Britain.The turbulence of this argument was calmed by the American presidents Franklin D Roosevelt intervention. American dream about the Second World War in 1942 was to attack and defeat Germany before proceeding to Asia to see the harm the Japanese were causing to Pacific territories. In the same year, the Soviet Army was far much pressed by the Germany-panzers division who were leveling attacks on Russia. Some American planners cerebration it was not necessary to attack North Western Europe.They planned that come 1943, the American army would be well prepared, trained and equipped to amass the Germanys aggressive troops. The American planners believed that its armys knowledge and resources could help them to accomplish their mission of bringing Germany troops down. The British military leaders chthonic the field marshal Alan Brooke (Dennis P. 2002 78) adopted a differe nt approach. They never thought it wise to start launching their attacks in 1942. The main reason why they were contend to this idea was because taking such a move would force United Kingdom to bear much of the military burden.At this time, they could not have afforded to have a division in the army because they were experiencing a fierce fight against Germany which had already inflicted a luck of harm to their army. Most of their military had met stiff change courseance of the Wehrmatch in France during the disastrous 1940 campaign. At this time their forces under field marshal Erwin Rommel, they had d unmatchable practically nothing to end or reduce the German military act in North Africa and in Libya. after fightd the war, Brooke found the strategy of the Marshal very incompatible and that he did not appreciate what the unconscious processs in France would mean.He could not figure out how the Germans could reinforce their attacks about three to four times faster than theirs and he could not understand how they could suffer from the shortage of sea shift if the Mediterranean was not opened. The British opposed this idea though America promised to provide the invading forces. They wanted the Americans to clear the axis force in the Mediterranean shores of North America and open up that great inland sea for the allied convoys to move in.This culminated into a deadlock that made Brooke to consider switching the America armys emphasis from European theatre of operations to the pacific, only when Roosevelt the thus president of America could not accept such an idea that was fundamental to their war strategy. This emphasy from Britain never worked to the Americans instead it led Roosevelt to do something that Winston Churchill would never dream of doing. In fact he intervened and overruled his advisers who used to advise him on war matters. This was in the summer of 1942.He ordered his generals to direct their forces to the French North Africa to pay t he British proposal for depart along the coast of North Africa. He did this so that he could divide the attention Germans were giving to European war. He wanted to divide the concentration of German because he thought that if he did not do that, then he would come to face German some where in Europe. He knew that his move would be embraced by Britain though it was only done due to political necessity and national interests. At this time the British soldiers had no choice merely to gang with USA in attacking Morocco and Algeria.From this time the attention that German had on war in Europe, half of it shifted to the battle in the Mediterranean. The plan was well strategized. About 65,000 men under lieutenant General Durlght D. Eisenhower were to be trans fashioned by the allies to invade Casablanca, Roan and Algers. These were the possessions of the French North Africa. Everything went according the plan and they had a lot of quick success that was attributed to the fact that the A xis attention was concentrate elsewhere. This time the Germans were trying to subjugate Stalingrad and the Caucasus.In Egypt at the same period, the Rummels African Korps renewed their strikeensive attacks on the British area of interests. The British forces under deputy sheriff General Bernard Montgomery organized his army to liaise the move of the Rummels the Montgomerys force entered into a fierce battle with the axis forces. The axis powers had no hope of winning this war and by early November Rummels armies yielded back to Libya. The move they took was against the wishes of Hitler who had ordered them to sustentation soldering on. Hitler never at any time contemplated of defeat. He would rather die that witness such humiliations (Ambrose S.2001 58) At the onset of November 1942, the allied forces had started to build up their ships at Gibraltar. The German spies were aware but they down played the idea as simply as another large supply convoy for reinforcing Malta. The Germ anys companion had a different discover Italy was not so sure of this though Germany never thought about this seriously but had been ignoring Italys decision. In November eighth 1942 the remote German foreign minister Ulrich Joachim who was also known as Von Ribbentrop was so sure about the American troops who had landed in Algerian as well as in Moroccan ports.These allied forces leveled attacks that had positive results as it was expected, the allied forces thought that the dissident French military officers who had supported them would turn against them however, this did not happen but to their surprise the Vichy French government just as it happened in Dakar and in Syria in the following year, they fought against the Allied forces though they did not manage to keep off the invading Germans in France and in Tunisia in the same year, that is 1942. The Vichy French military men couldnt have resisted the German who were very adamant and determine to crash the Frenchs down.The Vic hys weapons were not up to the standard when compared with those of the Germans. They used coolers while he German possessed battle aircrafts though they were not enough. The Germans never trusted the French Vichy government and that was why they could never let them to modify their war technology. They thought that Frenchs would rise up against them if let to acquire innovative weapons. Due to lack of proper weapons the Vichy Frenchs were unable to keep sustained resistance against the Allied forces who comprised of British soldiers and America soldiers(Atkinson R 2003152)In the initial stage of the war, America thought the French North Africa would not attack the Americans though this is not what happened. Though they tried to resist they could not resist the Americans advancements. They had no effective troops that would manage to keep Americans at bay. Though the Americans landings defeated the Frenchs, not all of them were successful. In fact a landing at Fedela costed the tr ansport Leonard wood its 21 landing crafts and many lives perished. Also in another landing, the transport Thomas Jefferson 16 crafts was destroyed completely beyond revival.The most affected landing was of the transport canal which lost 18 out of its 25 crafts and in the second roll five of them were ruined leaving only two boats that could carry troops and other supplies. There was serious landing opposition at Mehdia by the French forces. The landing was not safe and was very dangerous. By November 10th, the Americans under major(ip) general Lucian Truscott were able to capture the airfield from the hands of French military men. This was as a result of a very heavy naval gun fire between Frenchs and Americans but later after the negotiations between French leader and the allies in Algeria, fighting stop.On 8th November 1992, the infantry division had already actualized its dreams in almost all areas apart from St. Cloud where they met a very strong French force. During this time the combat was spearheaded by Roosevelt who was by then who was brigadier general. However, the landings begun to be interfered with by the rising surfs on 8th of November, the landing activities were to be suspended. In the following day the Vichy government tried to counter attack but they met a lot of resistance from Allied force who had support from air bases and naval baseOran was secured from the hands by the American though the French looked like they would never go but an armistice was signed when the bearing parties came together. The most operation assignment that the allied forces faced was at the port of Algiers. The French had enough ground force plus 52 fighter aircrafts. They also had 39 bombers. The port was heavily guarded so there was no way the Britishs and Americans could have an easy access to the port. The American troops of the 168th regimental combat landed on the West while the 39th combat team went to the East of the port and they raided the port.They use d two British destroyers which carried the royal navy force-out and the American troops. Before they could succeed, one of the destroyers was destroyed and it had to go back immediately while the other one succeeded and crossed the barriers. These forces that succeeded captured the power station and petroleum tank firm and the Frenchs responded to this attack immediately. After some time when the 168th combat group failed to turn up, the American commander was forced to surrender his troops. The North Africa mission was called operation torch and the city that was their target was Casablanca and was under the command of Eisenhower.These nations (Sam M. 2006 102) were fighting for the control of the Suez groove that linked Africa with the Middle East. Suez Canal was the inlet of oil from the Middle East and other raw materials from Asia. Due to the mechanization of their armies, oil was a very crucial commodity and because Britain which had already a mechanized army it totally reli ed on oil from the Middle East. Britain used Suez Canal as a link to her overseas dominions. This was all made possible by the Mediterranean Sea hence, the defend. This struggle started at around 1935 when Ethiopia was invaded by Italy which by then had made Somali land its colony.The move frightened Egypt which was not yet a British colony. They started acquire worried of its imperialistic aspirations thus in order to nurture its interest and country, it allowed Britain to station its army in its territory so as to keep off any advances from Italy. Thereafter, Britain and France took upon themselves the responsibility of maintaining naval control over the Mediterranean with the main Britishs base at Alexandria, Egypt. The British and American troops met slim resistance at Algiers, Oran and Casablanca on 8th of November 1942. The war took place in the North African desert.By the time the war took place the Italian dictator Mussolini had a better equipped army than that of the Br itain and America. He had about a million soldiers who were based in Libya while Britain had only 3600 soldiers who were based in Egypt. They were supposed to protect the Suez Canal and the oil fields in Arabia. At this time the Italians were a threat to Britain. They had already started showing interest in the red sea and Suez Canal supply routes. The North Africa campaign in the beginning was hampered by lack of enough supplies on both sides but later they got equipped.Tough battles took place which either rendered one group to advance against each other along the supply routes. Many of these fights took place in the Far East region out of the Mediterranean where they enjoyed shift transport (Breuer W. 1985 26) In April 1941, the allied forces were under the leadership of General Bernard Montgomery. While the British troops worked to keep Germans forces at bay to the West, the US forces were supposed to confront the Frenchs in North Africa under Operation Touch The main reason fo r this reason for this operation was to return over Morocco which was already a French colony, to take Algeria and Tunisia.They wanted to offer support to their colleague in the Libyan Desert. They also wanted to make Mediterranean shipping route free to their ships and for other major operations in North Africa. They hoped that they would force the axis of out of the region. They also wanted the axis to reduce their concentration on the Russian forces or in other words, they wanted the Axis forces to divide their war attention between North Africa and Russia. The attack took Germans by surprise because they did not expect it to happen. Later, the French stopped being hostile to the allied forces and allowed them to nave access to Tunisia.Rommel led his armies to various defensive operations. One of the most key operations was of the Kasserine pass where American defenses were crashed by Germans modern tanks. This operation saw 1000 allied troops dead and hundred of them were held prisoners by Germans. They also lost most of their fighting equipments. Though the axis powers thought they were winners, to the allied forces was an awakening call. They went back to their drawing board, assessed their weaknesses and came up with the way forward (Funk A. L. 1974 86)Americans never gave up they sent Rommel back to conquer the Kasserine pass so that they could get the Merith line. This time, the axis forces gained advanced and suppressed the resistance that until they let 275000 prisoners free. The axis forces in Africa surrendered on may 2nd 1943 after about 350,000 soldiers were captured by the allied forces and 70,000 were casualties. After they quit from the war, the stage was left open for Italian campaign. The axis surrendered because of ruthlessness of the operation retribution which was designed to evacuate German and Italian forces from Tunisia.About 897 were held captives, 653 escaped and were off-key to have might drowned. In conclusion, we have seen how t he North African war costed many lives. Many people perished and others were injured. Though the war was took place in Africa, it was not as fierce that one in Europe. These wars were fought by these nations to protect their national interests. No country wanted their competitors to have an access or even go near its spheres of influence. Another reason for the fight was to gain supremacy.The Allied Forces were determined to silence Germany and its colleagues which were proving to be a big threat in Europe. Their plan worked as it was expected that is, they engaged Germany to another front so as to divide its concentration on war in Europe. So, it was not war for the sake of war but war for different reasons. In this war America in conjunction with Britain were the main aggressors. They left North African countries highly damaged. A lot of people perished while others were injured. The harm this American led war did was more than what one could have expected.Reference Dennis P. The oxford Companion to Australian Military History. Melbourne. Oxford University press. 2002 78 Breuer W. Operation flannel mullein The Allied Gamble to Invade North. St. Martins Press. 1985 26 Funk A. L. The Politics of Torch, University press. 1974 86 Sam M. At all costs How crippled and two American merchant mariners Turned the Tide of world WarII. Random House. 2006 102 Ambrose S. The good Fight How World War II Was Won. Atheneum. New York. 2001 58 Atkinson R. An army at Dawn The war in North Africa 1942-1943. Newyork Henry Holt. 2003 152

College: Ready Or Not, Here It Comes! Essay

Schools from all over the coun pick up atomic number 18 preparing for the upcoming graduations in their respective institutions whether it is elementary, secondary or college academies especially those in senior high school school.As often said, high school is a training ground for the upcoming college adventure of teenagers a sanctuary for students to assert themselves and prep be themselves for the stress they ar bound to face once they stepped on their college universities. But sadly, students graduating from secondary schools arent that assured as others believed to be.Unfortunately, according to the statistics, of the ten students that will finish elementary level, however seven would move up to the secondary level and only three would finish college up to the very end. These, as researches said, are commonly caused by poverty, miss of motivation and yes unpreparedness.The question is how we end deem a student ready for his /her college life. What are the things a studen t must have to be called prepared? What are the pointers that a senior student must consider in getting ready for college?First things first, we must know what we want. Choosing a course just plain because its in would get you nowhere. Instead, select the one that would fit your character as well as your interests. Most college freshmen end up flunking their courses due to this misconception. Secondly, fill a college that would fit your standards. Somewhere near your place and offers quality discipline at your protest price. After these two, you wont have much barrier in getting to college.But then, we always have the third cue. It would always end with the question Can I do this? The answer? Of course you can You would just need to shape up yourself.You must set your mind first to your goal. Your goal to survive college and move on with life. Then, start having the confidence in you. Remember, this is college we are talking about. You will start off with only yourself to lean on before you get to meet other people. It would also help if you try to keep the pressure from getting to you. Take a load off and relax while youre at it. Keep in mind that your education would not prosper if you would think of it as a duty a burden instead of an enjoyable activity. It doesnt matter if you get awards or not, what matters is that you are learning steadily awards are just bonuses. If youll observe our current society, you can perceive that the most successful personalities were not honor students during their times. Take them as your aspiration and surely, you can get through college with lesser difficulties.It wouldnt hurt to put some effort on to something that we want to achieve. High school, as early as it seems, is not a mere phase of your life to learn something from the books. It is a phase where we should learn both the reality of life and to build an identity of our own to discover ourselves. We can never stop time so use it wisely. Hopefully, students wouldnt say the words College here it comes but rather, the declaration College ready or not, here I come

Sex education in Malaysia

Sex affects all aspects of human life. Sexual desires, feelings and activities extend from childhood through adolescence, adulthood and old age. As such, it is only wise to treat bring up as an integral and positive facet of our lives. However, (most) Malaysians make up a tendency to behave as if only a small chassis of politicians have charge in the nation. Sex is still a taboo topic and some tend to make a huge fuss whenever the equal to(p) is brought up for an intellectual discussion. Are we aw ar that such conservative attitudes cost us severely?Malaysias modernisation has resulted in increased in semi-formal ikon among us, especially the teenagers. No matter how hard the authorities try, the youths can inevitably access provokeual information through the mass media such as the internet. The caput is Are the people getting the right information? Movie scenes that portray a persons NO as an indirect YES to sex ar not corresponding us the real meaning of consent. Unet hical and violent pornography is not going to educate us that it is barbaric to treat a fellow human being as a mere sex object or unprotected sex can be a injury to our well-being.What else then can provide us with the accurate information on sex? An open, systematic and relevant sex education in schools Yes, it is time to teach our kids more(prenominal) than the reproductive anatomy and the menstruation cycle. Topics such as sexual attraction, safe sex, contraceptives and healthy relationships need to be addressed in a sex-positive environment. Upon sense of hearing this, religious conservatives and groups alike go out start echoing their traditional argument that sex education in schools will only encourage (more) minors to have sex which will eventually lead to various other social issues.As much as we want to live in a sexually-repressed fantasy world, the reality is a simple one Malaysians including the minors are having sex before marriage with or without proper sexual k nowledge. We only need to frankly ask ourselves to affirm this claim. In fact, a national survey conducted in 2000 has found that about 13% of unmarried youths in Malaysia have experienced sexual intercourse (vaginal, oral or anal). Frighteningly, 72% of them did not use any contraception during their first intercourse.These numbers may very well be an under-reporting as sex is still a forbidden subject in the country. Therefore, it is essential to equip our younger generation with proper sexual knowledge. A honourable sex education will help the kids to understand their body better and avoid unnecessary fear, worry and guilt associated with their normal biological development. They will in any case learn to be responsible and an advocate for their own reproductive and sexual health. The kids will be equipped with the knowledge and skills to be in loving and respectful amorous relationships.They will understand to reverence a fellow human being and that will help prevent variou s forms of sexual violence in the country. They will also have increased sexual confidence which will allow them to execute safer sex such as getting contraceptives and insisting partners to use contraceptives. Importantly, good sex education can help prevent unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and other associated problems. In line with our current science curriculum, when it comes to safe sex, the adolescents are more concerned about preventing a pregnancy than a STI.This attitude might motivate them to focus solely on pregnancy avoidance, making them more vulnerable to various types of STI such as HIV/AIDS. Thus, giving them adequate information on STIs will help promoting sexual health and minimizing risks among our younger generation. It is also important to note that a review of sex education worldwide has found that sex education does not promote early sexual practice or increase sexual activity. In contrast, sex education has been shown to reduce th e number of sexual partners and the frequency of sex.It also fosters safe sex and responsible sexual behaviour. Thus, a good sex education will help our kids to acquire accurate sexual information and make decisions about their sexual behaviours more wisely. No matter what they choose, may it be abstinence, delay in sexual involvement or active safe sex they will be well-equipped to be responsible and in control of their own sexuality. It might also be argued that teaching about sex should be left to parents at home and not to teachers at school.However, the conservative parents who freak out and are in against the proposal of sex education are also least likely to talk about sex to their kids because those parents are less comfortable and/or less knowledgeable in the topic. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to include sex education as a formal subject in both primary and secondary school curriculums in the country. Yes, we need to start in primary schools. Currently, our kids f ormally learn about sex for the first time when they are around 15 years old.It might be too naive of us to think that our kids are not uncovered to sexual materials and are not experimenting with their sexuality prior to the age of 15. Thus, age-appropriate sex education has to be started as early as possible. Furthermore, sex education should to be taught by sex-positive teachers, not individuals who see sex as something sinful and filthy, so that the kids will be exposed to unbiased information about human sexuality. In sum, sex education in schools is capable of creating a sexually-positive and healthy society, yet it is long overdue in Malaysia. So, why the wait?

Big Skinny

In 2010, self-aggrandizing skinny CEO Kiril Alexandrov was looking to transcend from retail distribution and print publicizing to the world of online marketing to achieve maximum goth. The retail sales pitch was an easy one, as Alexandrov focused on the value of the wallet and the impulsiveness of consumers (Benjamin & Kominers, 2012). Unfortunately, translating this type of sales pitch was a great deal harder to do in the world of cyberspace. robust jaggy centered their online marketing efforts around display Ads, keyword searches, cordial media and relation ships with online distributors and deep discounted sites such as virago and Groupon respectively.The intricacy caused much hardship, as freehand nigh(a) received negative feedback on the canvas website Yelp that stemmed from their Groupon experiment. They also faced a glitch in their online promotion that allowed 4,000 mass to order free wallets from their online store. Big close-fitting needs to refocus their o nline marketing strategy by getting rid of display Ads, culture keyword searches and severing ties with deep discounted sites. Big Skinny can create value for their growth and manage their orders better by being much selective with who distributes their product and by keeping the price steady.A more seasonal approach surrounding keyword searches can create new revenue from those who ar looking to make debauched and impulsive purchases. Lastly, by being responsible for who distributes their products, Big Skinny can deliver their product in prompt and prison termly manner, which pass on resolve the volume of customer complaints against Big Skinny. Problem Statement Despite successful in-person sales campaigns, Big Skinny struggled to find an effective online marketing platform that would grow and connect them to their consumer base.Big Skinny also ran into glitches with their current online marketing campaigns that brought unwanted negative attention and resentment towards th e company. Data Analysis When Big Skinny transcended into the world of online marketing, it had to discontinue a way to attract visitors to the website while attempting to convince these visitors to buy wallets. Since most of their wallets were being sold at trade shows or retail stores that centered on a straight-forward approach regarding impulse and value, the translation of this strategy to the internet proved to be a tall task.Big Skinny looked at various means of advertising such as display ads, algorithmic search, sponsored search, A/B Testing and kind media. Display ads offered a two-frame animation however, the click-through rate of general display ads in 2009 was only . 1% (Bejamin & Kominers, 2012). Algorithmic searches use algorithms that the search engine deems most relevant to the users query. The websites that most resemble the query appear the highest on the search engines list. Sponsored searches use keywords that the advertisers specify that they want to target.T hese are mostly sold on a per-click basis however the company loses gold if the clicks arent converted into sales. A/B testing is a marketing technique that shows different advertisements to different users to compare the response rates between the two. Lastly, cordial media utilizes websites such as Facebook and Twitter to try and create an interactive relationship with consumers. Alternatives 1. Big Skinny could eliminate their means of online distribution and give online marketing, only utilizing cordial media and their website to conduct advertising and business transactions. 2.Big Skinny could be more selective in their selection of online distribution, while tailoring their paid sponsored searches to generate interest and sales. 3. Big Skinny could scrap their online marketing plans, with the exception of social media, and reallot their advertising property strictly on deep discounted sites like Groupon and accompaniment Social. 4. Big Skinny could focus their efforts o n expanding in more brick and mortar retail stores by target marketing towards different demographics. They could use traditional media such as TV and radio to drive these efforts. Key Decision Criteria 1.Increase customer gratification and corporate image 2. Increase sales and market share 3. Improve (or at to the lowest degree maintain) profitability 4. Ease or speed of implantation 5. Be consistent with corporate mission or strategy 6. within our present resources or capabilities 7. Within acceptable risk parameters 8. Minimize environmental impact 9. Maintain and build employee morale and pride Alternatives Analysis 1. By limiting their online marketing to free social media sites such as Twitter or Facebook, Big Skinny can greatly reduce their marketing costs. With display advertisements only getting clicked through .1% of the time the money is essentially thrown away. Investing in A/B testing requires the hiring of a permanent person and huge overhead. Getting rid of online d istributors allows Big Skinny to eliminate the 7-15% commission they pay to Amazon and eBay while being able to manage their order load. Social Media is more than enough because 71% of social media participants say they are more likely to purchase from a brand they follow online. 91% of local searchers say they use Facebook to find local businesses online (Bennett, 2013). The cons of this are that they are missing out on a lot of potential customers by eliminating Amazon and eBay.While online paid marketing can be expensive, there is unchanging benefit to sponsored searches. Some of the cost per diversitys are profitable and by completely eliminating these searches would be throwing away potential opportunities. 2. The pros of Big Skinny being more selective with their online distributors allows for a happy customer base. There subscribe been several negative reviews on the Yelp site regarding slow delivery and non-existent customer service. By eliminating deep discounting sites such as Groupon, Big Skinny can manage their order load and keep customers happy.Big Skinny would also keep the revenue from the top paid sponsored searches rather than eliminating them all together. The negatives of this are that Big Skinny could miss out on a lot of revenue by not using Groupon or Living Social. They could also miss out on the repeat customers that are generated by these sites as well as missing out on the throng who want to try their product without having to pay full price. 3. Instead of eliminating sites like Groupon and Living Social, Big Skinny could embrace the huge inflow of customers that it brings.According to the customer satisfaction and analytics company ForeSee, 91% of customers have already or plan to conduct business with the merchant since buying the deal (Bedigian, 2013). This strategy generates a large influx of customers in a short time while attempting to generate residual income by repeat customers. The cons of this are that companys often l ose money during the initial Groupon. The product is discounted by 50% or more and then Groupon takes a 50% commission on the sale price, which leaves the copeer receiving only 25%of the original selling price of the item (which in some cases is less than the cost of the item). Forbes has found that 1/3rd of businesses have lost money on a Groupon deal and there is no guarantee that the customers ever return to pay full price from the merchant again (Gleeson, 2012). 4. The pros of using a more traditional advertising medium such as TV or radio would bring brand recognition for Big Skinny. Big Skinny has forever had success selling in retail stores because they market their products based on value and impulse.By putting the product in more retail stores, there is a greater chance people give put it in their hands and buy on impulse. Instead of targeting just one heavy(a) audience, Big Skinny should advertise by target market such as Big Skinny Sport or Big Skinny Women. By doing this they could partner with big retail chains to get into more stores and generate more revenue the old fashioned way. The average time an American spends watching TV is 5 hours compared to just 1 hour browsing the internet, which leads for greater exposure.The cons of doing this are that TV advertising is much more expensive than online marketing (Nielsen, 1997). Another con is Tivo allows people to record their favorite shows and then fast-forward past the commercials. The last con is that TV advertising seems to be a thing of the past, as the amount spent on TV advertising was only up 4. 5% in 2011 as compared to 21. 7% via online marketing (Gleeson, 2012). Recommendations Based on the data, it is best for Big Skinny to be more selective of their online distribution, while tailoring their paid sponsored searches to generate interest and sales.In regards to online distribution, Big Skinny should keep eBay and Amazon, however, should drop deep-discount sites such as Groupon or Liv ing Social. To offer a Groupon deal, Big Skinny is guaranteed to be taking a loss. To be eligible to offer a Groupon, Big Skinny must discount the price of their wallet by at least 50%. This turns a $20 wallet into a $10 wallet. Groupon takes a commission of 50% on the sale price, which leaves Big Skinny walking away with only $5 for all(prenominal) wallet sold (Bice, 2012). Essentially, they are taking a loss with every wallet they sell on Groupon.The goal of a Groupon is to try and get repeat customers however, the people that use Groupon are bargain-hunters. They wont return to Big Skinny, but rather, they allow for return to Groupon again looking for another bargain deal. By using Groupon, Big Skinny also decreases the value of their brand (Gibbard, 2011). why would a customer pay full price for a $40 wallet when they just bought it on Groupon for $15 or $20 just a short time ago? In addition to dropping Groupon, Big Skinny needs to manage their online distribution better beca use of customer satisfaction issues.On the review site Yelp, Big Skinnys wallets are only receiving a rating of 2. 5 out of 5 stars. A lot of the reviews include gripes around not receiving their order for 3-4 weeks or non-existent customer service (most of the negative reviews are from users who bought a Big Skinny wallet on Groupon). If the online distributor doesnt ship your product in a timely manner, your company risks a tarnished reputation. Whether Big Skinny didnt have enough stock to fulfill orders or whether Groupon didnt ship the products in a timely manner, Big Skinny is taking the fall and abuse from customers.When people do research for a product they are going to see Big Skinnys products with poor ratings. These poor ratings can scare potential customers away. Big Skinny should only use Amazon, eBay and their website to sell their wallets. This allows them to manage their inventory, not get behind on orders and make sure their product gets shipped in a timely manner . Big Skinny has excellent Amazon ratings and should continue to grow their product through the sterling reputation of Amazon. They should sell the product for a higher price on their website so that people are encouraged to buy through Amazon.This is a win-win for Big Skinny because if people buy through Amazon then Big Skinny doesnt have to waste time and effort fulfilling and shipping orders. If they choose to buy direct than Big Skinny receives a larger profit on their wallets. Lastly, Big Skinny needs to tailor their sponsored keyword searches. They need to eliminate the term leather wallet. They dont manufacture a true leather wallet and the cost per conversion for this keyword is a sky-high $20. 26. Big Skinny should also bid less for the term thinnest wallet. The cost per conversion for thinnest wallet also has a high cost, which is $10.53.After substitution leather wallet and lowering the bid for thinnest wallet, Big Skinny should add keywords centered on holidays. note cases are popular gifts on occasions such as Fathers Day and Christmas. Big Skinny should add season keywords such as Fathers Day Wallet, Wallet for Dad, Best Wallet for Gift and Wallet for Christmas. This will bring seasonal shoppers into the mix who are looking to spend quickly and impulsively. Action and Implementation Plan CEO Kiril Alexandrov will be responsible for delegating the following tasks.The Director of Marketing will pull any promotions or future plans with deep discounted sites such as Groupon or Living Social. The Director of Marketing in combination with the Director of Product Management will reach out to all of those who left negative reviews on Yelp to satisfy the customer complaints and retract the negative ratings. The Director of Sales will carefully select the online distribution channels which Big Skinny will sell through. Big Skinny will only sell through Amazon, eBay and any online outlets of the retail stores that they are currently featured in.The Dire ctor of Sales will also raise the prices of wallets on the Big Skinny Website by 10-15% to create value for the product and promote customers to purchase through the select online distribution. Doing this saves Big Skinny the time it would take to fulfill and pack orders, however, if a customer decides to purchase direct, then Big Skinny recoups the 10-15% it would pay Amazon or eBay to sell and fulfill the order. This new price point will be conveyed in a message from the Director of Sales to Big Skinnys distribution channel.

Peter Paul and Mary †Blowin in the Wind Essay

Peter, Paul, and Marys Blowin in the Wind is actually instead appealing to a mainstream audience, due to the simple arrangement and catchy hook. The accompaniment is easy to follow and understand, which makes it convenient to listeners that do not necessarily have a music education. Also, the tight bird air harmonies between two men and one woman are very interesting, because that sort of setting is not typical for prevalent music fare. Also, for being a folk song, the twang or accent is very subdued, which would possibly bout off some listeners who might be averse to folk tunes. Theres a steady-going deal of vocal inflection in Marys voice, which pulls on the listener emotionally.For someone who does not particularly prefer folk music, the song is actually quite pleasant, and the strong lyrical content is in spades worth a second glance. Conversely, Bob Dylans version is more spoken, and contains a more rubato vocal performance. Also, the inclusion of the harmonica heightens the folk quality to the song. Moreover, Bob Dylans diction is much more country, with wicked Rs, jist in the place of just, and yesn in the place of yes.Those minor shifts create a unsophisticated feeling, where Peter, Paul, and Marys diction was more refined, for the folk style. These two different takes on one song make a lasting difference, in terms of the presentation of the material. Peter, Paul, and Marys version of the whizz sold a phenomenal three hundred thousand copies in the first week of release. So, mayhap it is safe to say that folk songs can be popular, they just have to be presented in much(prenominal) a way that appeals to a wide audience, while still staying true to the roots. It is not an easy designate to fulfill, but Peter, Paul and Mary have proved that it can be accomplished.

Comparing two poems Essay

In this audition I will be comparing two poetrys. These poems atomic number 18 on the topic of fight which is precise relevant especially as there is a war going on in Iraq as I am writing this. The first poem I am going to write close called Dulce et Decorum est is written by Wilfred Owen. He had first hand experience of war as he was a sol transgressr so he will give us a rattling sound opinion of war and what it was really resembling to encounter in one. Unfortunately for him he was killed in proceeding a week before the war ended.The poem has a actually strong anti-war feeling to a greater extent or less it it is his personal view that dying for your country is not a very(prenominal) honourable intimacy and in the poem he conveys this to us by giving us very clear genial pictures of the direful effects of war. Wilfred Owenss attitude to war is that he is frustrated, angry and resentful of it.The poem type Wilfred uses in this poem is the Sonnet this is odd becau se Sonnet poems are usually intimately love but in this case he is writing about hurt rhythm of the octaves in this poem is slow and speeds up in the sestet. These ties in with the mood of the poem e.g. Gas Gas Gas This line has been broken up with exclamation marks to cross-file that there is an emergency. Then it slows down quite considerably again in the final stanza to make us think of the suffering the soldiers go through. It is wonderful the way that he structures this poem from the soldiers feelings, to his own and therefore he asks the reader for their views. There is one very noticeable affair about the structure and that is that there are two lines of the poem on their own also these line are not in the past tense like the rest of the poem and this is because he is trying to accentuate the mental scars of war which remain with him in the present.He gives us a very detailed mental picture and he gives us this in all three measures. In verse 1 he talks about the physi cal breakdown of the soldiers. He builds up this mental image of suffering e.g. knocked kneed, and he continues this mental picture into versus 2 as he talks about his fellow solider suffering and dying in the gas as he cant get his helmet on. He uses verbs in this verse in a clever way e.g. Fumbling and floundering. E.g. Fumbling, Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time. And floundering like a man in fire or lime. In verse 3 he uses echoic e.g. gargling. He uses this word to explain how his fellow solider died e.g. Gargling from the forth-corrupted lungs. The pain that this soldier suffered is conveyed to us in a very gruesome way e.g. As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. What he manner by that is he has breathed in so much gas its suffocating him so it is very like drowning. Another example He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.In the first verse he uses metaphors in a very the right way way e.g. Blood shod, drunk with fatigue to show the enervation and suffering of the soldiers. Also the Onomatopoeic words in the first verse sludge and trudge, show us how the soldiers slowly marched it tell us also that they had no determination and enthusiasm lift to fight for their country.Wilfred Owen is basically saying in this poem that hes been there and its not that good at all to fight for your country. This is the complete opposite of what Lord Tennyson talks about in The invest of the lightheaded group.Lord Tennysons poem is different from Wilfred Owen in a number of ways. first Lord Tennyson has never fought in a war Tennyson poem is also saying that it is good to die for your country and Tennysons poem is about the soldiers being heroes and noble men.The poets attitude to war is that it is an well(p) and noble thing to die for your country. The tone of this poem is fast and very sharp e.g. Forward, the Light Brigade Charge for the guns Another example is Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in face of them stays at thi s speed for most of the poem.Tennyson structures his poem in to 6 verses of even length. He starts score describing the advance in verse 1 and 2 e.g. Into the valley of destruction Forward, the Light Brigade then into verse 4 he talks about the heat of the battle e.g. Flashed all their sabers bare, Flashed as they glum in air, Sabring the gunners there. In verses 5 and 6 he talks about the retreat e.g. Back from the spill of Hell, All that was left of them and he then goes on to say how courageous, noble and heroic the soldiers were e.g. honour the send out they made Honour the light brigade, Noble six hundred. Verse 6 is shorter than the rest as it is a tribute to the soldiers that fought in the war.The rhythm of the poem is regular it conveys how inevitable the charge was. The rhyme sounds very grand, patriotic and has a musical tone about it. The poem type is a ballad. A ballad is usually a short narrative poem with stanzas of two or four lines and usually a refrain. They c ontain repetition e.g. Rode the six hundred (which is on the end of every verse) another example one-half league, half league, half league onward. They are written in straight-forward verse, seldom with detail, but ever with graphic simplicity and force. Many old-time ballads were written and performed by minstrels attached to noblemens courts.Language employ in the poem is very powerful to glorify the charge rather than show pity. He uses metaphors in his poem e.g. Into the valley of death there is also personification used in his poem e.g. Into the jaws of death and Into the mouth of hell He uses these metaphors and personification in his poem to emphasize the suicidal march of the Light Brigade. The hell and death in these phrases reinforces the views of this being the end for the soldiers.I really liked the way that Tennyson brings the reader into his poem by asking a rhetorical question Was there a man demoralise? and When can their glory fade? He does use a quite a lot of o nomatopoeia e.g. Volleyed and thundered and gun and shell. He has also chosen his verbs in his poem really well. They are Very declamatory convey idea of speed, the light and movement all in the one verb is flashed. The repetition is very powerful and significant in the poem from the very first line Half a league, Half a League, Half a league onward.My personal view on war is that it is a terrible thing and should only be used for a last resort. I would only agree with a war at present if there was evidence to prove that Iraq have weapons of mass destruction and then I would consider it a just war and that we must get Saddam quickly and carefully to abide by down the risk of innocent deaths. I personally prefer Dulce et Decorum est. by Wilfred Owen as it is more detailed and gives you very vivid pictures of the soldiers deaths and as Wilfred Owen was believable actually there its more in a sense as he was has seen it up close. This poem taught me that war is a bad thing and its n ot worth it it helped me to appreciate how much pain some of the soldiers had to suffer in the war.

Gender Archaeology Essay

Gender archaeology is a field of study that encompasses different approaches in the study of sexual practice. It developed in the 1980s at the time feminist movement emerged in many another(prenominal) societies including America and Britain questioning the male bias of the mainstream archaeology. Gender plays a significant role in cooking party and its values, categorizing which are female or male roles, and creating significances and identity.However, studying the concept of gender is difficult as its meaning is influenced by many factors and mixturereds in the society. Arguments are raised that gender, unlike the biological sex, does not exist and mixed to test through archaeology. One of the traditional approaches in studying gender is through material purification where tangible evidences are correlated with the presence of men and women such as artefacts and tools excavated, suggesting a deputation of the devil genders and their activities (Shaw and Jameson 2000 251) .The productive use of material culture is one of the most significant contri butions of archaeologists unlike other disciplines which reduce the potentials of material and its symbolic representations and meaning construction of gender (Bintliff 200485). Scholars should recognize the relevance of material culture as it is able to correlate the objects and its physical realities and consequences to gender, allowing change ways of exploring an object or material. It provides resources for reference and medium for bore of gender.It aids the study of gender archaeology in all geographical regions, categories of material culture, and periods (Gilchrist 1999 15). One of the look for methods apply in studying material culture is a case study, which is also commonly used in feminist archaeology, where archaeologist become ethnographers. They visit the site or region of analysis aiming to conjecture the past societies with as much details as possible about the past peoples lifestyle, customs, traditions, beliefs, and other events (Nelson 2006 45).In this way, history of people and its meanings are identified through material evidences which represent relationship to gender. Numerous studies have revealed astounding facts and evidence leading to an understanding on how the meanings of gender and its facets are identified. many a(prenominal) pre-historical studies have been conducted around the world in knowing how men and women are represented, particularly in artefacts, and how these representations construct or deconstruct the roles of each gender.In a study, Ungendering archaeology Concepts of Sex and Gender in figurine Studies in Prehistory, Naomi Hamilton analysed and interpreted the prehistoric anthromorphic figurines from Eastern Europe and the Near East (Donald and Hurcombe 2000 18). Hamilton devised as methodology to trace sex on the word forms and analyse the stereotypes attached to it regarding Western gender roles. There were numerous figurines un earthed from Europe but the interpretations are different and sometimes contradicting. Some scholars argue that these fingers breadths, particularly those with women, represents goddess worship but others did not agree.harmonize to Hamilton, there is a need for a theory on gender and gender relations that would at least provide better explanations than the traditional studies. For any unfamiliar figure, it would be easier to assume that a veritable object represents a male or a female goddess or creature but others strength interpret it differently. In Seklo group from Greece, for example, an excavator thought of the distorted figure with womanly shape as representation of female centaur while other objects resembling male figure are sour as enthroned men.Later, the female-like figure was interpreted in different views seated figure, goddess, or female on a birth stool. These varied translations happen most of the times because, as Hamilton argued, archaeologists readily accept that aspects of human life have customary characteristics such that what is commonly associated with women in another region or era is assumed to be comparable in another region of different period (Donald and Hurcombe 2000 28).Hamilton argued that the ambiguity the two mutually exclusive genders (male and female) and its simile to historical Western societies have not been questioned. Traditional assertions on these figurines readily announced as representation of sex and gender roles and not other things. Besides, interpretations are based conservative view on gender. Archaeologists assumed that there is a standard gender division in culture but anthropologists say otherwise. In many historical figurines, most represent female as it was how assumed by archaeologists.It must be that male is not so superior in the old times than now. Obviously, there are difficulties and distinguish views on identifying which gender figurines stand for. Hence it is important to consider not to identify each figure as sex symbol only but also gather other information on culture to avoid pre-conceive notions that men or women are represented in such matter for a period of time and also to avoid stereotypes on the roles of women. Research on gender might remain firm if there is a strong bias on either gender or gender differences.The assumption that every culture has standard or similar male-female divisions of characteristics might lead to building a gender based on stereotypes (Hamilton 2004). These might influence on how men and women are viewed today and how their roles are unconquerable in every aspects of life such as family, politics, or academe. Hamiltons study on figurines has a plausible argument that the traditional assumptions of archaeologists have made conclusions that are inaccurate and lacks credibility.This is an important consideration since these kind of assumptions lead to opposing views damaging or overrating either gender especially women who has been , for a ache time, regarded as subordinate to men. List of References Blintiff, J. L. (2004) A Companion to Archaeology. United Kingdom Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Gilchrist, R. (1999) Gender and Archaeology Contesting the Past. Taylor & Francis. Hamiton, S. M. (2004) Gender in Archaeology. Rowman Altamira. Nelson, S. M. (2006) Handbook of Gender in Archaeology. Rowman Altamira Shaw, I. and Jameson, R. (2000) A Dictionary of Archaeology. United Kingdom Wiley-Blackwell

The Failed Vision

If I were consulting with the HTE Board of Directors regarding Harolds Leadership, from a exchangeational perspective, I would take over advised them that Harold wasnt a good leader and that his leadership style was damaging to HTE. Harold tried to aim about many changes to the company without recognizing the cases of the changes, which made him seems to look like he didnt know what he was doing, though his intention was good. His past records were great, and the results from HTE didnt demonstrate what was said about him. His style of leadership was in line with the Pseudo-transformational leadership.Pseudo-transformational leadership refers to leaders who are self-consumed, exploitive, and power oriented, with warped moral values (Bass & Riggio,2006). Pseudo-transformational leadership is considered personalise leadership, which revolve aroundes on the leaders own wager rather than on the interest of others (Northouse, 20016, pg. 163). Harold was more worried about how he lo oks in position than what is good for the company.Harold should have focused more on the people and inspire them to pull ahead the change he wanted a success, but he didnt involve them at all in the change process. This was damaging, which finally cause a major failure and serious loss in tax revenue to the company.Did Harold have a move in vision for HTE? Was he able to utilise?Yes. Harold did have a clear vision for the company but didnt have the correct method of leadership to make his vision to transform HTE. Harold wanted to prove that new technologies and advance management could make the company one of the best manufacturing companies in the nation.Harold created a vision, but it conflicted with his values and management style. It became very unenviable for him to convey his vision to the employees in that they apothegm his vision as being against himself. The employees didnt believe in the vision and were confused with all the changes. They were not intricate in the c hange process and never had the voice when it came to feedback.Was he able to implement?No, he couldnt implement anything because his leadership style was the Pseudo-transformational leadership which is an inspired leadership that is self-serving, unwilling to encourage independent ideas from chase and exhibits wee care for others. This type of leadership has strong inspirational talent and appeal but is manipulative and dominates and directs fol pass ups towards his or her own values (Christie, Barling, et., al.,2011). This leadership also threaten the welfare of followers because it ignores the common good.How impelling was Harold as a change agent and social architect for HTE?Harold at the beginning was very determined, but as time went by his vision seems to be uncertain. A blur vision which causes an overall effect of the reorganization was a precipitous drop in the worker morale and production. Harold wasnt effective as a change agent because, in my opinion, I realize that Harold could not stand strong with his vision and mission. He could not influence the workers to follow his method.This made the employees feel instability, as they also started to find it very difficult to support the companys vision. He faced a failure of having gained the employees trust. There wasnt a good relationship between Harold and the employees. Their words were neglected by him, resulting in a huge gap between the leader and the employees. Harold couldnt be considered as a social architect for HTE, because he did nothing that brought positive change to the company. Instead, he destroys the value organisational history of the company, its revenues and lost the morale amongst the employees.What Would you advise Harold to do differently if he had the chance to make pass as president of HTE? I would advise him to humble himself and ask for consideration from all his senior and lower managers and begin developing a new relationship by communicating effectively with everyone and focusing on workers affairs and calming bad feelings, lifting spirits, and providing updates and progress reports as activities educe. Then a new vision should be created that incorporates the needs of the company as fountainhead as feedback from the leadership.From a Bible standpoint and perspective, I will like to be a kind of leader that is unselfish, and not only concerned about my interest rather the interest of others as well and to lead my organization for the common good of all.In our gather up for the marks of mature spirituality and leadership ability, we must not bypass that quality which so only characterized the life of Jesus Christ, the quality of unselfish servanthood. Jesus said, For even the Son of Man did not come to be served but to serve, and to give his life a ransom for many (Mark 1045) The apostle Paul added to this focus when he wrote, Each of you should be concerned not only about your own interests, but the interests of others as well (Phil. 14). Bu t then pointing to the messiah as our great example, he quickly added, You should have the same attitude toward one another that Christ Jesus had.In conclusion, our leadership style as a believer in God Almighty should be model after our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Seeking not only our interest as leaders but for others as well and to also practice transformational leadership which is used in improving team development, (Bass Avolio,1994). Decision-making groups, quality initiative, and reorganizations.ReferencesBass. M., Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA SAGE.Bass, B. M., Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum.Christie, A., Barling., Turner, N. (2011). Pseudo-transformational leadership Model specification and outcomes. diary of Applied Social Psychology,44(12), 2943- 2984Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership Theory and practice (7th ed.). Thousa nd Oaks, CA SAGE Publication

Discuss Merle Hodge’S Crick Crack Monkey As a Novel Essay

Merle Hodge born in 1944, in Trinidad is the daughter of an immigration officer. After studying at the Bishop Ansteys high school of Trinidad, she obtained the Trinidad and Tobago Girls Island Scholarship in 1962 which led her to the university college of Lon move into. She obtained a degree in french and later in 1967 a Master doctrine degree. Merle Hodge traveled a lot in Eastern and westward Europe and when she returned to Trinidad she started teaching French in junior schools. Later she obtained a post of lecturer at the University of the West Indies. In 1979, she started to add for the bishop regime and she was ap masterminded director of the teaching of curriculum. In 1983, she unexpended Grenada because the bishop was assassinated and she is now working for the Women and maturement Studies at the University of the West Indies in Trinidad.She wrote the bracing Crick Crack shirk in 1970 where she deals with the theme of childishness in the West Indies. The main protagon ist c anyed footb wholly tee awake(p)s with Tantie who is a working class woman. She later goes to exsert with her aunt Beatrice and she grammatical cases a new and different world from that of her Caribbean world Hodges story is fronted through the look of a obscure, lower class girl of Trinidad in the 1950s. The whole story is nonpareil presented from one point of work taboo poses. She is left alone by her father who goes abroad after the death of her get d suffer and she has to live with her lower class Tantie where she learns about being independent.Later in the story her aunt Beatrice takes her and she because has to adapt herself-importance to the albumen world. She faces a lot of ethnical and identity conflict as she does non actually know where she belongs or what enculturation is wrong or right. However, looking at the story of crick fracture monkey through the eyes of a young white girl, rather than a young black girl, the reader might see the injustice an d the ethnic discrimination that a black person must endure. She would non be accustomed to being called a little black nincompoop (Hodge 457), and she would most presumable not have to suffer a physical beating with a ruler (Hodge 456) put becomes the storyteller and Hodge guides the reader through an intensely personal study of the effects of the colonial imposition of various genial and ethnic values on the Trinidadian female. place narrates the diverse problems in her life in such(prenominal) a trend that it is often complicated to split up the voice of the child, experiencing, from the voice of the woman, reminiscing in this manner, Hodge broadens the stage setting of the text considerably. It has often been seen that the British have apply various techniques to influence the viewpoints of the Caribbean heap. The peoples self aw areness, religion, wording, and burnish has coped with the influx of British ideals and in coping, the people have changed to appease the i slands highly influential British population.Crick Crack Monkey is take aim to be a novel dealing with the conflict of cultures that put has to accept. We first meet golf tee when her m separate dies and she is portrayed as being surrounded by people. She experiences crowd-scenes where she has all her family and friends around her to give her support. At Tanties house, she had Tanties loud presence and when she was absent she had the presence of other children. This in a carriage is made to reflect the Caribbean culture where every one is warm and caring and where the people like to stay together and entertain social relationships As Yakini Kemp notes, she golf tee is moving progressively toward the development of a positive self-image while she resides with Tantie (24).Tee is made to be independent and having a voice for herself in the Trinidadian society. She has a confident personality which has been molded by the culture in which she was living. These episodes where Tee is made to be surrounded by the people of Trinidad are made to argument with the isolation and the nakedness which Tee is made to feel at her auntie Beatrices place these scenes set up a contrast to the loneliness the narrator-protagonists will experience once re passd from their original milieu and placed into a Western or Western-aspiring one. What Marjorie Thorpe has said about Crick Crack Monkey thus can excessively be said for Bedfords novel Throughout the novel Hodge contrasts the warmth and congeniality of Tanties household with the loneliness and isolation which Tee experiences at Aunt Beatrices (36)In Crick Crack Monkey Hodge makes the isolation felt by Tee become associated with heathenish insanity. She had al musical modes been said to belong to an extended family culture where she feels part of the family but the western culture makes her feel out of place and she thus feels alienated from twain cultures at a certain point. This alienation process is depicted thr ough the fact that Tee has to move from an Antillean culture to a supposedly European culture In this novel Merle Hodge presents the process of alienation by depicting Tees transition from a typical Antillean tradition to that of a pseudo-European culture. Tee is made to balance herself between the culture of Tantie who gives her the promise of staying on with the original culture of the Caribbean islands and between Aunt Beatrice who gives her a prospect of another culture Aunt Beatrice offers the lure of abroad a culture that Tee slowly becomes familiar with but does not belong to.It is seen that, while Tantie and Aunt Beatrice represent different perceptions of cultures which were present in the island, Ma, Tees Grandma, represents another culture. She is the one who tells the children nancy stories and she is near to the Tees African roots. Tee visiting her grandmother makes her factualize that Mas sayings often began on a note of familiarity merely to rise into an impressive incomprehensibility, or vice versa, as in Them that walketh in the paths of corruption will live to ketch dey arse. The three women in Tees life makes her realize that each one belongs to a class and a culture which is seemingly different from each other and Tee is unable to regular understand the culture of her Grandmother so she becomes alienated from the African culture in a manner. She is left with Tantees culture and with Aunt Beatrices culture where both culture makes her in a way lose her accept identity.In Merle Hodges Crick Crack Monkey, Tees cultivation is responsible for her internalization of the European or the western culture. It is appoint in the novel that even sooner Tee is made to go and live with her Anglicized Aunt Beatrice she has to learn about their culture where things which she has learned in her Caribbean culture does not exist Books transported you always into the familiar solidity of chimneys and apple trees, the enviable normality of real Girls an d Boys who went a-sleighing and built snowmen, ate potatoes, not rice, went about in socks and shoes from morning until night and called things by their tight-laced names, never saying washicong for plimsoll or crapaud when they meant a frog. Books transported you always into earth and Rightness, which were to be found Abroad. (61)It has often been seen that the colonial precept was part of massive artillery to colonize the mind of the people and that this helped to unify the colonialists power and culture. It is said that the whole educational apparatus was geared towards cultural domination by comply and that in a way it completely destroyed the culture and the cultural education of the colonized people. They were in fact alienated from their own culture through the colonized education and they were made to create an environment where they would desire the Eurocentric culture. This is in a way what happens to Tee who is made to feel alienated from her own culture by the coloni al education she is given.Tees education thus in a sense puts her in an unbearable state since her own world does not have the same cultural referents as the one she is taught to regard as correct, she is forever trying to catch up, always seeing herself in terms of a world which can never be her own because it is always elsewhere. She is always wanting(p) in her acceptance of this culture her whole socialization process comes to affirm that however many of the cultural standards prescribed by the educational system, her teachers, or Aunt Beatrice she adopts, she always falls short and so do her teachers and Aunt Beatrice, who are similarly caught in a cycle of self-denial and self-hatred.Tantie representing the Caribbean culture warns Tee not to get carried by the colonialist instructions and this warning comes in while when Hodge introduces the teacher, Mr. Hinds who is bent on living an incline reality in the face of the facts of the Caribbean because he holds Englishness as the highest value in his life, and so it is not impress that eeveryone knew that Mr. Hinds had been up to England because he is eager to let everyone know about it.His devotion to the metropolis assumes a adoring attitude illustrated by his daily endeavor to bring the boys to a state of reverence towards a humongous framed portrait of Churchill (24). He makes the colonial education, the center of his teachings and what he teaches the students does not even include the Caribbean reality that the children are living. He tries to instill the English culture in the students from apples to Christmas to snow and the haystacks the children learn about in their school primers who do not have any lived knowledge of England, thus attempting to erase Caribbeanness in them as it has been erased in him.There is one passage which addresses the issue of linguistic communication, identity and of culture. Mr. Hinds being irritated with his students says, Here I stand, trying to teach you to rea d and write the English language, trying to teach confounded piccaninnies to read and write. . . . I who have marched to glory side by side with His Majestys bravest men I dont have to stand here and busy myself with . . . little black nincompoops (29).This in a way reflects the culture which is often adopted by the western world where people think that the way you converse is a representation of yourself proposed by Ashcroft. The students are made to reject their local language to adopt the language of the colonizer and theuse of the language highlights cultural specificity when the bevel language is inserted in the novel. The very rendering of the vernacular in written English gives it equal place to mainstream English and linguistically symbolizes an act of resistance and a cultural alternative Creole culture that, in the plot of the novel, is marked by a congener wholeness when juxtaposed to Mr. Hinds and Aunt Beatrices self-alienation, which is expressed in the above pas sage through Mr. Hinds apprehension with having his students learn proper English.According to Frantz Fanon Every colonized people in other words, every people in whose soul an inferiority complex has been created by the death and burial of its local cultural originality finds itself face to face with the language of the civilizing nation that is, with the culture of the mother country. The colonized is elevated above his jungle status in proportion to his adoption of the mother countrys cultural standards. He becomes whiter as he renounces his pitch blackness, his jungle. (18) Mr. Hinds is the representation of the colonized man who tries to act white.He creates walls between himself and the children where he is in a way rejecting his own blackness and is trying to make them accept the culture of the colonized through language attempting to make them like himself, with language as a primary standard of culture, he also tries to prove his own cultural redeemability, the possibil ity of becoming English. Tantie represents the Caribbean culture and thus she tries to preserve it in Tee. It seems that the culture in which Tee is living is mixed with the European culture and there are many agents of westernization which are present in the society. Mr. Hinds seems solely to be a puppet who has been employed to prepare Tee for her awaiting life at the household of Aunt Beatrice it is for good reason that Tantie warns Tee of such indoctrination in the vernacular, since the vernacular is the only cultural backside for Tantie (and potentially for Tee) from which to launch a defense.The novel shows that the children have to go to Aunt Beatrices place in order to obtain the proper education and Tantie has to let the children live with Aunt Beatrice. In a way she knows that the colonial education and system is all that matters to succeed in the world. It seems that Aunt Beatrices westernized house is the only proper place for the children to stay because it contains al l the cultural values of the Europeans. At her arrival there it is directly shown how the world of aunt Beatrice is different when Tees and Todan are made fun of because of their uniform and subterfuge Not only color and features are under scrutiny concerning their similarities and dissimilarities to European beauty standards, but so are clothes, as Tee finds out when her cousins inspect her wardrobe soon after her (second) arrival . . .We are shown how with the phenomenon of double consciousness, Du Bois term While Du Bois speaks of African Americans looking at themselves through the eyes of racist whites, Tee looks at herself through the eyes of her cousins, who have so thoroughly imbibed a British colonialist world view that nothing appears to exist resembling even remnants of a Caribbean identity. makes Tee feel aware of her color and of her clothes as compared to her colonized cousins.When Tee had gone to Aunt Beatrices place the first time, she used to beat up her cousins a nd later on when she goes there again she is in a way crippled by her education and through her indoctrination of the standards of the European culture. The first time she had Tanties culture fully present in her, she had all her Caribbeaness in her and had not been made aware that she has to judge herself by the standards of others and that the European culture was the scale on which she should judge herself and her achievements Tee has already been indoctrinated into standards of Reality and Rightness and she recognizes her cousins as being closer to the Anglophile standards instilled in her, quelling the resistance against their denigration that was still available to her when she drew her world view and strength from Tanties cultural orb.In this new world which is different from the world of Tantie, all that represents the African culture is denigrated and shown to be insignificant. Aunt Beatrice in every way makes Tee feels that the white world and culture is supreme and the c lothes she had brought is seen as niggery and everything connected with Europeans is adorned and there is the example of the photograph of the white ancestress Such veneration of white blood illustrates that Aunt Beatrice does not merely admire and strive to emulate English culture, but that her Anglophilia is in the end rooted in racist and Darwinist beliefs in the superiority of bloodlines and races. Thus, in her eyes, African ancestry in and of itself is a liability, not merely African culturally acquired styles and behaviors. This explains her manic attempt to erase everything in herself, in her daughters, and in Tee, reminiscent of such ancestry. She is in a way trying to alienate the Caribbean culture in Tee just as Mr. Hinds had tried to do.Tee is made to feel alienated from the world she used to know. In this new world she is made to feel powerless and she feels that she cannot cope when she has to speak or when she dresses as she cannot and is not fully accepted in this Eu ropeanized world of her cousins As Ketu Katrak has said, Beatrice cultivates bourgeois values that despise blackness in every form skin color, speech patterns, food (66), and this is a legacy from which Tee cannot hunt. She does not belong to the culture of Tantie anymore and nor does she belong to the culture of the Aunt Beatrice ad she only feels mangled between the two. This is shown when she cannot accept the food brought to her by Tantie and The final scene demonstrates that Tee now lives between the worlds, not belonging to either. Unable ever to be accepted fully into Aunt Beatrices household and Englishness, she is also alien to Tanties world.Ketu Katrak says that Colonized peoples kind colonization through English language education, British values, and culture result in states of exclusion and alienation. Such alienations are experienced in conditions of mental exile within ones own culture to which, given ones education, one un-belongs. (62) Tee has received an educat ion and a western culture which is very much unlike the culture of Tantie and which in a way makes her feel the dullness of her Caribbean culture and of Tanties world. Tee feels alienated and marginalized since the time she has started to learn the European culture and she did not feel this before in Tanties household. Tees alienation leads her to hopelessness and feelings that she is unworthy of living (Thorpe 37) I wanted to shrink, to disappear. . . . I felt that the very imaginativeness of me was an affront to common decency.I wished that my body could shrivel up and fall away, that I could step out new and acceptable (97). Though she does not actually contemplate killing herself, her self-hatred and eagerness to adopt are the cultural equivalent of suicide. Tee is found without a culture and Aunt Beatrices self-negating and self-hating cultural influence on her seems to destroy her identity. Tee is unable to live in both culture and the novel thus ends on an ironic note to sa ve Tee, who is unable to return to the Caribbeanness she has known in Tanties household through having become socialized in the worship of Englishness, Tantie sends her to the ultimate source of this cultural negation to the metropolis, to EnglandHodge goes to abundant pains to portray the cultural bankruptcy of playing monkey to the Great White Ancestor. In this big respect, the narrative, which in the fiction a mature Tee relates, places considerable vaule on the vulnerable African oral examination culture that so easily succumbs to the power of the written. Crick Crack Monkey ending gives us a hope for Tee who goes to London and The goal of the novel, it seems, is not to idealize a lost African past but to reveal the cultural sovereignty of Trinidad.BIBLIOGRAPHYWeb sites* BILL CLEMENTE The A, B, Cs of hallucination and Re-Integration Merle HodgeS Crick Crack Monkey* httpClemente.htm* httpcrick crack monkey study guide.htm* The Two Worlds of the babe A study of the novels of three West Indian writers Jamaica Kincaid, Merle Hodge, and George Lamming* httpJamaica Kincaid, Merle Hodge, George Lamming.htm* Two Postcolonial ChildhoodsMerle Hodges Crick Crack, Monkeyand Simi Bedfords Yoruba Girl Dan* http Jouvert 6_1 2 Martin Japtok, Two Postcolonial Childhoods Merle Hodges Crick Crack, Monkey and Simi Bedfords Yoruba Girl Dancing.htm* http merle.htmbooks* HODGE ,MERLE. Crick Crack, Monkey. Andre Deutsch, 1970 London Heinemann, 1981 Paris Karthala, 1982 (trans. Alice Asselos-Cherdieu).Lectures* Lectures by Mrs. MAHADAWO on Island Literatures.